Deterioro cognitivo en ancianos que ingresan en centros residenciales de atención sociosanitaria

Resumo

INTRODUCTION: Population aging is a reality that will be intensified in the future and will cause an increase in the most frequent disorders in old age. Cognitive impairment is one of them. Its study is of interest not only because of its high prevalence, but also because of the great impact it has on both patients and their surrounding environment. In addition, the need to investigate more about this disorder is recognized by different researchers in order to advance in the prevention, early detection and treatment of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of users who suffer from it in 8 residential centers in the province of Pontevedra, as well as the identification of the frequency of underdiagnosis in the affiliation of the mental pathology that causes DC and if this underdiagnosis is related to the presence of a doctor or nurse specialist in geriatrics. METHODOLOGY: Observational and descriptive study, longitudinal and retrospective, of a quantitative and correlational nature, in which 8 centers for the elderly in the province of Pontevedra participated. 390 residents who entered in 2017 and their stay in the center up to a maximum period of 2 years from their admission are studied. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic, clinical and functional. This research has been registered in ClínicaTrial.Gov, with the number: NCT05404152 RESULTS: The population is 390 new users, with a mean age of 80 years and a standard deviation of 9. 63.3% are women. 312 (80%) had CD, with scores of 13 on the MEC 13 and 11 on the MMSE, and at least 6 diagnosed pathologies. At admission, the average Barthel index in users with CI was 34 points. Of those with CI, 214 (68.6%) had at least one diagnosis that explained the CI; and after the stay (maximum two years), the number rose to 240 (76.9%). Cognitive status did not vary significantly after stay (maximum 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: The DC rate turned out to be high, occurring in 8 out of 10 new users; at admission, 1 out of 3 users with CI did not have a diagnosed mental illness that could explain it, and after their stay (maximum of 2 years), the figure will be 1 out of 4 users. Therefore, after the stay, the DC affiliation figures improved. The presence of a nurse or doctor with a specialty in geriatrics, reducing cases of underdiagnosis in the DC affiliation