Tecnologías digitales y ecologías de aprendizajedesafíos y oportunidades

  1. Santos-Caamaño, Francisco-José 1
  2. Vázquez-Cancelo, María-José 1
  3. Rodríguez-Machado, Eduardo-Rafael 1
  1. 1 Universidade da Coruña, España
Journal:
Educatio siglo XXI: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

ISSN: 1989-466X,  1699-2105

Year of publication: 2021

Issue Title: Ecologías de aprendizaje: oportunidades para la formación en la sociedad en red

Volume: 39

Issue: 2

Pages: 19-40

Type: Article

DOI: 10.6018/EDUCATIO.466091 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

More publications in: Educatio siglo XXI: Revista de la Facultad de Educación

Abstract

La tecnología ha devenido, hoy en día, un factor primordial de cuyo adecuado empleo depende en gran medida el funcionamiento de los diversos contextos del aprendizaje humano. La teoría ecológica del aprendizaje considera el factor tecnológico como un componente especialmente relevante. Además, las tecnologías digitales están potenciando el desarrollo de nuevas oportunidades de aprendizaje que trascienden las fronteras temporales y geográficas, y propician sistemas que rompen el encorsetamiento de las estructuras de formación formal dando paso a ambientes flexibles, expandidos y diversos desde los que se favorecen mecanismos de aprendizaje informal. Desde esta perspectiva, y de cara a la construcción de tales contextos, resulta conveniente disponer de un marco de referencia paradigmático acerca de las oportunidades que las TIC puedan presentar y, paralelamente, valorar también la problemática asociada a su empleo. Para la identificación de este elenco de affordances tecnológicas, hemos seguido el método Delphi, en cuyo desarrollo han colaborado diversos expertos nacionales e internacionales. El análisis de resultados confirma el papel destacado de los usos tecnológicos en los contextos de aprendizaje actuales, y desvela su funcionamiento en íntima relación con los demás componentes que los integran. Resaltan no solo los aspectos potenciadores del aprendizaje, como son, entre otros, la facilitación de diversas herramientas de comunicación, acceso e intercambio de información, su potencialidad para la creación de vínculos entre personas y comunidades, y la transformación de los roles educativos. Se desvela también la emergencia de ciertas barreras en su empleo, como la ausencia de estrategias de uso. En este sentido, y siempre sobre la base del análisis de la configuración concreta de cada contexto, de sus elementos e interrelaciones, puede manejarse un marco de referencia general de affordances tecnológicas que sirva de guía para el desarrollo de una ecología de aprendizaje auténtica.

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