Programas de prevención del suicidio en adolescentesuna revisión sistemática

  1. María González Sánchez 1
  2. Pedro Gil Madrona 1
  3. Luisa Losada Puente 2
  4. Ramón García Perales 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
    info

    Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

    Ciudad Real, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05r78ng12

  2. 2 Universidade da Coruña
    info

    Universidade da Coruña

    La Coruña, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01qckj285

Revista:
European journal of education and psychology

ISSN: 1888-8992,  1989-2209

Año de publicación: 2024

Volumen: 17

Número: 1

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.32457/EJEP.V17I1.2470 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: European journal of education and psychology

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los programas de prevención del suicidio en adolescentes, guiada por la declaración PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos internacionales (PsycInfo, Scopus y Web of Science), empleando como criterios de inclusión: (a) programas de prevención del suicidio o mejora de la salud mental; (b) destinados a adolescentes, o (c) formación de adultos en prevención del suicidio en adolescentes. Se seleccionaron estudios de los últimos cinco años, periodo 2019-2023. Se excluyeron estudios de caso único para evitar posibles sesgos asociados a estudios individuales. La muestra inicial se compuso de 4.320 artículos, mientras que, tras un análisis exhaustivo de los artículos, la muestra final se compuso de 20 artículos con programas desarrollados, principalmente, en Estados Unidos (n = 7) y Australia (n = 5), en su mayoría, dirigidos a adolescentes de 12-22 años (n = 18). Los resultados respaldaron la relevancia de estos programas para reducir la ideación suicida, aumentar la confianza y conocer herramientas e instituciones de prevención del suicidio. Destacaron actividades centradas en la detección, conocimiento y búsqueda de ayuda, En ocho estudios, se encontró que el programa realizado tuvo un mayor impacto en mujeres, dado que pusieron en práctica los aprendizajes de los talleres realizados. En conclusión, se constataron los beneficios de la prevención ante el riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes, destacándose algunas características esenciales; además, su escasa presencia en España ofrece un campo de trabajo de interés, observándose la importancia de incorporar la actividad física como aspecto clave de abordar la presión, depresión y estrés asociados al riesgo de suicido en adolescentes.

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