Assessment of soil redistribution at catchment scale by coupling a soil erosion model and a sediment connectivity index (Central Spanish Pre-Pyrenees)

  1. López-Vicente, M. 1
  2. L. Quijano 1
  3. L. Palazón 1
  4. Gaspar, L. 2
  5. Ana Navas Izquierdo 1
  1. 1 Estación Experimental de Aula Dei
    info

    Estación Experimental de Aula Dei

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/056a37x91

  2. 2 University of Northern British Columbia
    info

    University of Northern British Columbia

    Prince George, Canadá

    ROR https://ror.org/025wzwv46

Revista:
Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters
  1. Nadal Romero, María Estela (coord.)

ISSN: 0211-6820,  1697-9540

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 41

Número: 1

Páginas: 127-147

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.18172/CIG.2649 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

El estudio y cuantificación de la redistribución del suelo es una tarea compleja y difícil y un asunto no resuelto a escala de cuenca, tanto en estudios de campo como mediante simulación numérica. En este trabajo abordamos este tema de investigación mediante la aplicación conjunta de dos modelos de predicción y una robusta base de datos de campo para la estimación de la redistribución potencial del suelo en una cuenca agrícola montañosa de secano de ambiente mediterráneo (cuenca del Barranco de La Reina, comarca de las Cinco Villas, NE de España): la versión “Modified-RMMF-2014” mejorada del modelo de erosión del suelo “Modified Revised Morgan, Morgan and Finney” (Morgan, 2001; López-Vicente y Navas, 2010) y el modelo IC (Index of Connectivity; Borselli et al., 2008) de conectividad del sedimento. En una parcela de cereal experimental (1.9 ha; resolución 1 x 1 m de tamaño de celda), situada en la parte baja de la cuenca del Barranco de La Reina, aplicamos el modelo IC bajo seis escenarios de escorrentía y los resultados se analizaron frente a las observaciones de campo de redistribución del suelo. La mejor simulación se obtuvo tras añadir el mapa de elementos geomorfológicos (regueros, cárcavas efímeras y abanicos de acumulación) al modelo IC. Ambos modelos se correlacionaron en 613 puntos de control y se identificaron tres áreas: pérdida neta de suelo, estable y acumulación, en el 30%, 22% y 48% de la superficie de la parcela, respectivamente. Las tasas promedio de erosión en cada área fueron de 3.3, 1.5 y 1.1 Mg ha-1 año-1 con desviaciones típicas de 20.3, 19.0 y 8.3 Mg ha-1 año-1. Posteriormente, el modelo IC se aplicó en la cuenca del Barranco de La Reina (231 ha; resolución 5 x 5 m) y los valores se interpretaron en función de los resultados previos en la parcela, identificando las zonas potenciales de pérdida neta, estables y de acumulación. El modelo IC permitió identificar áreas claramente diferentes dentro de la cuenca, aunque la superficie afectada por procesos de pérdida neta se infra estimó, afectando sólo al 11% de la superficie total. Investigaciones futuras deben abordar la mejora del modelo IC a escala de cuenca. Nuestra propuesta se presenta como una alternativa sencilla para la estimación potencial de la redistribución espacial del suelo a escala de cuenca, que resulta de interés en cuencas no monitorizadas en las que la calibración de modelos numéricos resulta difícil.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet