Manejo sustentable del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) para reducir las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina

Resumo

This work is the outcome of years of research to calibrate a protocol for measuring Greenhouse gases using the closed-chamber technique, which enables the quantification of methane emissions. Methane is a product of the net fermentation of methanotrophic and methanogenic bacteria naturally present in soils, due to the anaerobic conditions that are generated by the continuous flooding of rice crops. Using the implemented technique and through chromatographic analysis of the samples, the results were quantitatively processed to determine the seasonal emission factor of rice crops at the regional level. Additionally, the variables that influence the generation of methane, the primary greenhouse gas in primary rice production, were also evaluated. The study was conducted on soils under early tillage management, which, due to the minimal tillage, preserves the sustainability of the soil. Having achieved the general objective of quantifying the seasonal emission factor of rice cultivation, this thesis aims to establish a precedent regarding emissions from rice cultivation within the agricultural sector. This will contribute to the development of the National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases, as there is a lack of scientific information in this area. In the first year, the emission factor was 1.523 kg CH4/ha. day, for the second year, it was 0.614 kg CH4/ha. day, both evaluated in the province of Corrientes; and in the third year, the value was 2.135 kg CH4/ha. day in Entre Rios province. With an understanding of the variables that influence the generation of methane and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices, perspectives for effective adaptation and short and medium-term mitigation challenges can be expanded, contributing to the reduction of climate risks in the future.