De lo conductual a lo emocionalmétodos gráficos de evaluación arquitectónica
- 1 Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectura, Universidade da Coruña
ISSN: 2173-6723
Año de publicación: 2022
Número: 12
Páginas: 74-95
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Boletín Académico: Revista de investigación y arquitectura contemporánea
Resumen
El diseño sostenible requiere métodos de evaluación del espacio arquitectónico centrados en el usuario. Los avances de la informática y el pensamiento computacional permiten la utilización de herramientas como la sintaxis espacial o las tecnologías de seguimiento visual que valoran aspectos relacionales, sociales y culturales del entorno construido, pero también aspectos emocionales y perceptivos del proceso de cognición espacial. Las conexiones relacionales y topológicas evidencian características de la organización funcional del espacio y la recogida de datos cuantitativos biométricos en combinación con la experiencia del usuario permiten utilizar estos métodos en la investigación sobre el diseño arquitectónico, en particular, en el análisis de la denominada arquitectura informal o no convencional como la arquitectura vernácula, los asentamientos informales o la arquitectura del paisaje.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Al-Jokhadar, Amer, y Wassim Jabi. «Spatial reasoning as a syntactic method for programming socio-spatial parametric grammar for vertical residential buildings». Architectural Science Review 63, n.o 2 (2020): 135-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2019.1646631.
- Alitajer, Saeid, y Ghazaleh Molavi Nojoumi. «Privacy at home: Analysis of behavioral patterns in the spatial configuration of traditional and modern houses in the city of Hamedan based on the notion of space syntax». Frontiers of Architectural Research 5, n.o 3 (2016): 341-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2016.02.003.
- Arnheim, Rudolf. Arte y percepción visual: psicología del ojo creador. Madrid: Alianza, 2005.
- Bafna, Sonit. «Space Syntax». Environment and Behavior 35, n.o 1 (26 de enero de 2003): 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916502238863.
- Bandyopadhyay, Abir, y Arif N Merchant. «Space Syntax Analysis of Colonial Houses in India». Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33, n.o 6 (30 de diciembre de 2006): 923-42. https://doi.org/10.1068/b32082.
- Benedikt, M L. «To take hold of space: isovists and isovist fields». Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 6, n.o 1 (1979): 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1068/b060047.
- Bermejo Tirado, Jesús. «Aplicaciones de sintaxis espacial en Arqueología: una revisión de algunas tendencias actuales». Arqueología de la Arquitectura, n.o 12 (2015): e031. https://doi.org/10.3989/arq.arqt.2015.122.
- Castilla, Nuria, Carmen Llinares, Fabio Bisegna, y Vicente Blanca-Giménez. «Affective evaluation of the luminous environment in university classrooms». Journal of Environmental Psychology 58 (agosto de 2018): 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.07.010.
- Cullen, Gordon. El paisaje urbano. Tratado de estética urbanística. Barcelona: Blume, 1974.
- Dondis, Donis A. La sintaxis de la imagen. Introducción al alfabeto visual. Barcelona, Spain: Gustavo Gili, 1997.
- Du, Xiaoyu. «Methods of spatial analysis for natural ventilation potential». A+ BE: Architecture and the Built Environment, n.o 10 (2019): 239-48. https://doi.org/10.7480/abe.19.10.4112.
- Duchowwski, Andrew. Eye Tracking Methodology. Theory and Practice. 3ª ed. Londres: Springer, 2017.
- Eloy, Sara, y José Pinto Duarte. «A Transfformation Grammar for Housing Rehabilitation». Nexus Network Journal 13, n.o 1 (2011): 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-011-0052-x.
- Fuente Suárez, Luis Alfonso de la. «Subjective experience and visual attention to a historic building: A real-world eye-tracking study». Frontiers of Architectural Research 9, n.o 4 (2020): 774-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2020.07.006.
- Gombrich, Ernst. Arte e ilusión. Estudio sobre la psicología de la representación pictórica. Madrid; Debate, 1998.
- Higuera-Trujillo, Juan Luis, Carmen Llinares, y Eduardo Macagno. «The Cognitive-Emotional Design and Study of Architectural Space: A Scoping Review of Neuroarchitecture and Its Precursor Approaches». Sensors 21, n.o 6 (marzo de 2021): 2193. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062193.
- Hillier, B, A Penn, J Hanson, T Grajewski, y J Xu. «Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement». Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 20, n.o 1 (1993): 29-66. https://doi.org/10.1068/b200029.
- Hillier, Bill, y Julienne Hanson. The Social Logic of Space. Cambridge University Press, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597237.
- Hollander, Justin B., Ann Sussman, Peter Lowitt, Neil Angus, y Minyu Situ. «Eye-tracking emulation software: a promising urban design tool». Architectural Science Review 64, n.o 4 (julio de 2021): 383-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2021.1929055.
- Iñarra Abad, Susana, Francisco Juan Vidal, Carmen Llinares Millán, y Jaime Guixeres Provinciale. «Atención visual en la evaluación de espacios arquitectónicos». EGA. Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 20, n.o 25 (2015): 228. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2015.3585.
- Junker, Dirk, y Christian Nollen. «Mobile Eye Tracking in Landscape Architecture: Discovering a New Application for Research on Site». En Landscape Architecture: The Sense of Places, Models and Applications. InTech, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74992.
- Karakas, Tulay, y Dilek Yildiz. «Exploring the influence of the built environment on human experience through a neuroscience approach: A systematic review». Frontiers of Architectural Research 9, n.o 1 (marzo de 2021): 236-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.10.005.
- Kim, Jong Ha, y Ju Yeon Kim. «Measuring Visual Attention Processing of Virtual Environment Using Eye-Fixation Information». Architectural research 22, n.o 4 (2020): 155-62. https://doi.org/10.5659/AIKAR.2020.22.4.155.
- Kinoshita, Y, E. W. Cooper, Y Hoshino, y K Kamei. «Kansei and colour harmony models for townscape evaluation». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 220, n.o 8 (2006): 725-34. https://doi.org/10.1243/09596518JSCE149.
- Laurence, Gregory A., Yitzhak Fried, y Linda H. Slowik. «“My space”: A moderated mediation model of the effect of architectural and experienced privacy and workspace personalization on emotional exhaustion at work». Journal of Environmental Psychology 36 (2013): 144-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.07.011.
- Lee, Sangwon, Eungee Cinn, Jin Yan, y Jaeyoon Jung. «Using an eye tracker to study three-dimensional environmental aesthetics: The impact of architectural elements and educational training on viewers’ visual attention». Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 32, n.o 2 (2015): 145-67.
- Lisińska-Kuśnierz, Małgorzata, y Michał Krupa. «Research on perception of objects and spaces». Technical Transactions 12 (2018): 5-22. https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.18.175.9663.
- Llinares, Carmen, y Alvaro Page. «Application of product differential semantics to quantify purchaser perceptions in housing assessment». Building and Environment 42, n.o 7 (2007): 2488-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.06.012.
- Llinares Millán, Carmen, Susana Iñarra, y Jaime Guixeres. «Design Attributes Influencing the Success of Urban 3D Visualizations: Differences in Assessments According to Training and Intention». Journal of Urban Technology 25, n.o 4 (octubre de 2018): 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2018.1444873.
- Millán-Pascual, Rafael, Luis M. Martínez, Diego Alonso-Pablos, Manuel J. Blanco, y Felipe Criado-Boado. «Materialidades, espacio, pensamiento: arqueología de la cognición visual». Trabajos de Prehistoria 78, n.o 1 (2021): 7-25. https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2021.12262.
- Moles, Abraham. La imagen. Comunicación funcional. México: Trillas, 1991.
- Natapov, Asya, Saskia Kuliga, Ruth Conroy Dalton, y Christoph Hölscher. «Linking building-circulation typology and wayfinding: design, spatial analysis, and anticipated wayfinding difficulty of circulation types». Architectural Science Review 63, n.o 1 (2020): 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2019.1675041.
- Ohrun, Deniz. «The relationship between space and gender in traditional homes across Turkey». Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 27, n.o 4 (2010): 340-55. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43030916.
- Olgyay, Victor. Design with Climate. Bioclimatic approach to architectural regionalism. Nueva Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963.
- Osgood, Charles, George Suci, y Percy Tannenbaum. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1957.
- Park, Jaewan, Yan Jin, Sihyeong Ahn, y Sangwon Lee. «The Impact of Design Representation on Visual Perception: Comparing Eye-Tracking Data of Architectural Scenes Between Photography and Line Drawing». Archives of Design Research 32, n.o 1 (2019): 5-29. https://doi.org/10.15187/adr.2019.02.32.1.5.
- Pei, Wanyu, Tiantian LO, y Xiangmin Guo. «A Biofeedback Process: Detecting Architectural Space with the integration of emotion recognition and Eye-Tracking Technology». En Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans, editado por D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, y I. Koh. Bangkok: The Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA), 2020.
- Rapoport, Amos. House form and culture. Londres: Prentice Hall, 1969.
- Rudofsky, Bernard. Architecture Without Architects. An Introduction to Non-Pedigreed Architecture. Nueva York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1964.
- Rusnak, Marta. «Eye-tracking support for architects, conservators, and museologists. Anastylosis as pretext for research and discussion». Heritage Science 9, n.o 1 (diciembre de 2021): 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00548-7.
- Rusnak, Marta Alina, y Mateusz Rabiega. «The Potential of Using an Eye Tracker in Architectural Education: Three Perspectives for Ordinary Users, Students and Lecturers». Buildings 11, n.o 6 (2021): 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060245.
- Schütte, Simon T. W., Jörgen Eklund, Jan R. C. Axelsson, y Mitsuo Nagamachi. «Concepts, methods and tools in Kansei engineering». Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 5, n.o 3 (2004): 214-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922021000049980.
- Spanjar, Gideon, y Frank Suurenbroek. «Eye-Tracking the City: Matching the Design of Streetscapes in High-Rise Environments with Users’ Visual Experiences». Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture 5 (2020): 374-85. https://doi.org/10.14627/537690038.
- Sussman, Ann, y Justin Hollander. Cognitive Architecture. Designing for How We Respond to the Built Environment. 2ª ed. Nueva York: Routledge, 2021.
- Sussman, Ann, y Janice M. Ward. «Game-changing eye-tracking studies reveal how we actually see architecture». Common edge, 2017. https://commonedge.org/game-changing-eye-tracking-studies-reveal-how-we-actually-see-architecture/.
- Turner, Alasdair, Maria Doxa, David O’Sullivan, y Alan Penn. «From Isovists to Visibility Graphs: A Methodology for the Analysis of Architectural Space». Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 28, n.o 1 (2001): 103-21. https://doi.org/10.1068/b2684.
- Wang, Peng, Wenjuan Yang, Dengju Wang, y Youjun He. «Insights into Public Visual Behaviors through Eye-Tracking Tests: A Study Based on National Park System Pilot Area Landscapes». Land 10, n.o 5 (mayo de 2021): 497. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050497.
- Yarbus, Alfred L. Eye Movements and Vision. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1967. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5379-7.
- Yu, Rongrong, y John S. Gero. «Using eye-tracking to study designers’ cognitive behaviour when designing with CAAD». En 52nd International Conference of the Architectural Science Association, 443-51. Melbourne: The Architectural Science Association and RMIT University, 2018.
- Zhou, Yizhi, y Miao Wei. «Sinicisation and ethnicity: spatial characteristics of Shui vernacular architecture in Guizhou, Southwest China». Built Heritage 5, n.o 1 (2021): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43238-021-00021-1.