Enfoques de fisioterapia y rehabilitación para la amputación de miembros inferiores

Abstract

Introduction: One of the most serious consequences in burned patients is amputation and in this article, a published systematic review on physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches in patients after suffering lower limb amputation and the use of prostheses is summarized. Material and methods: in the review, the authors selected 9 articles, all the studies were clinical trials and the search was carried out in seven databases. In total, these studies include 408 patients with lower limb amputations, where unilateral transfemoral amputation is present in all studies. The causes are traumatic, tumorous and congenital malformations. The types of procedures investigated included acute treatment program, joint kinesitherapy, hip musculature treatment, weight and load transfer, coordination exercises, gait (normal and treadmill) group exercises, use of video games and functional tasks, as well as training with prosthesis. And the variables analyzed were: type of amputation, intervention, results of measurement methods and the quality of evidence found in the studies and interrelated with exercise, gait and weight bearing, as well as balance and posture. Results: the analysis showed that physiotherapy and rehabilitation in the lower limb amputee with its different methods has positive effects on oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, healing, postural control and balance, gait, as well as improved functional and physical activity. quality of life. Conclusions: the main conclusions are, all the applications of the aforementioned physiotherapy methods had positive effects and the application of the same with an adequate prosthesis as soon as possible has a significant effect on the functionality, reduction of energy consumption, improvement of balance and of the gait patterns; and the recommendation to conduct more high-quality studies that accurately determine physical therapy programs.