Blue governanceSustainable port governance
- López-Bermúdez, Beatriz 1
- Freire-Seoane, Maria Jesús 1
- Pateiro-Rodríguez, Carlos 1
-
1
Universidade da Coruña
info
ISSN: 1132-2799
Year of publication: 2020
Volume: 29
Issue: 3
Pages: 69-86
Type: Article
More publications in: Revista galega de economía: Publicación Interdisciplinar da Facultade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais
Abstract
Esta investigación ofrece unha proposta para o estudo da gobernanza desde a perspectiva presentada na Política Marítima Integrada (PMI) da Unión Europea, que busca proporcionarlles coherencia aos problemas do sector marítimo desde a coordinación de todos os interesados. O obxectivo desta investigación é identificar as barreiras e os problemas que ocorren cando un Estado membro intenta implementar a Política Marítima Integrada na organización gobernamental de espazos mariños. O desafío que se tenta conseguir é lograr a gobernanza azul, é dicir, a activación dunha rede de cooperación entre as diferentes partes interesadas do sector portuario para poder integrar os diferentes niveis rexionais, nacionais, europeos einternacionais de cara a unha estrutura colaborativa.
Bibliographic References
- Acciaro, M., Vanelslander, T., Sys, C., Ferrari, C., Roumboutsos, A., Giuliano, G., & Kapros, S. (2014). Environmental sustainability in seaports: A framework for successful innovation. Maritime Policy & Management, 41(5), 480- 500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2014.932926
- Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia. (2019). Proyecto ECOPORT. Valencia: Autoridad Portuaria de Valencia. Retrieved from: https://ecoport.valenciaport.com/SitePages/Portada.aspx
- Autoridade Portuaria de Vigo (2019). Autoridad Portuaria de Vigo: Blue growth Vigo. Retrieved from: http://www.bluegrowthvigo.eu/
- Autoridade Portuaria Ferrol-San Cibrao. (2019). https://www.apfsc.com/
- Baird, A. (1999). Analysis of private seaport development: the port of Felixstowe. Transport Policy, 6(2), 109-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(99)00012-8
- Baird, A. J. (1995). Privatisation of trust ports in the United Kingdom: Review and analysis of the first sales. Transport Policy, 2(2), 135-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-070X(95)91993-T
- Baird, A. J. (2000). Port privatisation: Objectives, extent, process, and the UK experience. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 2(3), 177-194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ijme.2000.16
- Baird, A. J., & Valentine, V. F. (2006). Port privatisation in the United Kingdom. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 55-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17003-1
- Baltazar, R., & Brooks, M. R. (2001). The governance of port devolution: A tale of two countries. In World Conference on Transport Research (pp. 22-27). Retrieved from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.195.460&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Ki-moon, B. (2016). Sustainability—engaging future generations now. The Lancet, 387(10036), 2356-2358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30271-9
- Bouchartar, H., Hajbi, A., & Abbar, H. (2011). Governance of the maritime and port sector: Morocco as example. Journal of US. China Public Administration, 8(7), 763-773.
- Brooks, M. (2006). Port devolution and governance in Canada. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 237- 257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17011-0
- Brooks, M., & Cullinane, K. (2007). Devolution, port governance and port performance. Research in Transportation Economic, 17, 405-435.
- Brunt, B. (2000). Ireland’s seaport system. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 91(2), 159-175.
- Cabrera, M., Suárez-Alemán, A., & Trujillo, L. (2015). Public-private partnerships in Spanish Ports: Current status and future prospects. Utilities Policy, 32, 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2014.11.002
- Caldeirinha, V., Augusto F., & Figueiredo da Cunha, S. (2017). Government policies and Portuguese port governance in the period from 2005 to 2015. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 11-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.11.004
- Castillo-Manzano, J. I., & Asencio-Flores, J. P. (2012). Competition between new port governance models on the Iberian Peninsula. Transport Reviews, 32(4), 519-537. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2012.662538
- Chen, P., Pateman, H., & Sakalayen, Q. (2017). The latest trend in Australian port privatisation: Drivers, processes and impacts. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 201-213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.10.005
- Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas. (2007). Comunicación de la Comisión al Consejo y al Parlamento Europeo. La sinergia del Mar Negro, una nueva iniciativa de cooperación regional. COM(2007)160 final. Bruselas, Bélgica: Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0160&from=EN
- López-Bermúdez, B., Freire-Seoane, M. J., & Pateiro-Rodríguez, C. Revista Galega de Economía 2020, 29 (3), 6956 13 Comisión Europea. (2013). Comunicación de la Comisión de 23 de mayo de 2013. Puertos: motor de crecimiento. COM(2013)295 final. Bruselas, Bélgica: Comisión Europea. Retrieved from: http://www.puertos.es/eses/medioambiente/Documents/Puertos%20Motor%20de%20Crecimiento.Pdf
- Commission of the European Communities. (2009a). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions concerning the European Union Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. {SEC(2009)702} {SEC(2009)703} {SEC(2009)712}. COM(2009)248 final. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0248&from=EN
- Commission of the European Communities. (2009b). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Developing the international dimension of the Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union. COM(2009) 536 final. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52009DC0536&from=GA
- Commission of the European Communities. (2011). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Developing a Maritime Strategy for the Atlantic Ocean Area. COM(2011)782 final. Brussels, Belgium: Commission of the European Communities. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52011DC0782&from=EN
- Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo. (2019). El transporte de mercancías sostenible en apoyo de la Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible. Ginebra, Suiza: UNCTAD. Retrieved from: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/cimem7d17_es.pdf
- Cullinane, K., & Song, D. W. (1998). Container terminals in South Korea: problems and panaceas. Maritime Policy & Managements, 25(1), 63-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839800000045 Cullinane, K., Teng, Y., & Wang, T. F. (2005). Port competition between Shanghai and Ningbo. Maritime Policy & Management, 32(4), 331-346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830500300438
- De Langen, P. W., & Pallis, A. A. (2007). Entry barriers in seaports. Maritime Policy & Management, 34(5), 427- 440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830701585134 De Langen, P. W., & van der Lugt, L. M. (2006). Governance structures of port authorities in the Netherlands. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 109-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17005-5
- De Langen, P. W., & van der Lugt, L. M. (2017). Institutional reforms of port authorities in the Netherlands; the establishment of port development companies. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 108- 113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.007
- Debrie, J. (2011). Difference tiers of government in port governance: Some general remarks on the institutional geography of ports in Europe and Canada. In 12th World Conference on Transport Research. Lisbon, Portugal. July 2010. Retrieved from: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00615146/document
- Debrie, J., Lacoste, R., & Magnan, M. (2017). From national reforms to local compromises: The evolution of France's model for port management, 2004-2015. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 114-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.006
- Dooms, M., & Farrell, S. (2017). Lions or gazelles? The past, present and future of African port authorities: The case of East Africa. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 135-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.002
- Esmer, S., & Duru, O. (2017). Port governance in Turkey: The age of the global terminal operators. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 214-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.001
- European Commission. (2007). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - An Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union. {COM(2007)574 final)} {SEC(2007)1278} {SEC(2007)1279} {SEC(2007)1280} {SEC(2007)1283}. Brusels, Belgium: European Commission. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52007DC0575
- European Commission. (2016). Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council. An integrated European Union policy for the Arctic. JOIN(2016)21 final. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016JC0021&from=EN
- Everett, S., & Robinson, R. (2006). Port reform: The Australian experience. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 259-284. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17012-2
- Fawcett, J. (2006). Port governance and privatization in the United States: Public ownership and private operation. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 207-235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17010-9
- Ferrari, C., Tei, A., & Merk, O. (2015). The governance and regulation of ports: The case of Italy. Paris, France: International Transport Forum. Discussion Paper No. 2015-01. Retrieved from: https://www.itfoecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/dp201501.pdf
- Fleming, D. K., & Baird, A. J. (1999). Comment some reflections on port competition in the United States and Western Europe. Maritime Policy & Management, 26(4), 383-394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/030888399286817
- Frémont, A., & Ducruet, C. (2005). The emergence of a mega-port-from the global to the local, The Case of Busan. Tijdschriftvoor Economischeen Sociale Geografie, 96(4), 421-432. Retrieved from: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00458055v2/document
- Galvão, C. B., Robles, L. T., & Cardoso, G. (2017). 20 years of port reform in Brazil: Insights into the reform process. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 153-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2017.01.002
- Ghashat, H. M., & Cullinane, K. P. (2013). The future governance structure of Libya's container ports: A survey of stakeholder attitudes. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 8, 7-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2013.03.005
- González Laxe, F. (2012). El marco regulatorio de los puertos españoles: resultados y conectividad internacional. Economía Industrial, 386, 27-38. Retrieved from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4155936
- González-Laxe, F., Freire-Seoane, M. J., & Pais-Montes, C. (2012). Maritime degree, centrality and vulnerability: port hierarchies and emerging areas in containerized transport (2008–2010). Journal of Transport Geography, 24, 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.06.005
- González-Laxe, F.; Sánchez, R., & García-Alonso, L. (2016). The adaptation process in port governance: The case of the Latin countries in South America and Europe. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 1(1), 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-016-0018-y
- Goss, R. (1998). British ports policies since 1945. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 32(1), 51-71.
- Goulielmos, A. M. (1999). Deregulation in major Greek ports: The way it has to be done. International Journal of Transport Economics/Rivista Internazionale di Economia dei Trasporti, 26(1), 121-148. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/42747359
- Goulielmos, A. M. (2000). European policy on port environmental protection. Global Nest: The International Journal, 2(2), 189-197. Retrieved from: https://journal.gnest.org/sites/default/files/Journal%20Papers/07_goulielmos.pdf
- Gumede, S., & Chasomeris, M. (2012). Port governance in South Africa. Interdisciplinary Journal of Economics and Business Law, 1(4), 82-98. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269687229_Port_Governance_in_South_Africa
- Havenga, J., Simpson, Z., & Goedhals-Gerber, L. (2017). International trade logistics costs in South Africa: Informing the port reform agenda. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 263-275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.08.006
- Heaver, T., Meersman, H., Moglia, F., & Van De Voorde, E, (2000). Do mergers and alliances influence European shipping and port competition? Maritime Policy & Management, 27(4), 363-373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/030888300416559
- Hoffman, J. (1999, September). After the Latin American ports privatization: The emergence of a ‘Latin American model’. In Fourth PdI World Port Privatization Conference. London, England.
- Huff, W. (1997). The economic growth of Singapore: Trade and development in the twentieth century, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
- International Maritime Organization. (2017). Resolution A.1110(30) adopted on 6 December 2017 (Agenda item 7) Strategic plan for the organization for the six-year period 2018 to 2023. London, England: International Maritime Organization. Retrieved from: http://www.imo.org/en/About/strategy/Documents/A%2030-RES.1110.pdf
- Ircha, M. (2001). North American port reform: The Canadian and American experience. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 3(2), 198-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ijme.9100011
- Knatz, G. (2017). How competition is driving change in port governance, strategic decision-making and government policy in the United States, Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 67-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.08.003
- Lee, E. S., & Song, D. W. (2010). Knowledge management for maritime logistics value: discussing conceptual issues. Maritime Policy & Management, 37(6), 563-583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2010.514959
- Li, K. X., Luo, M., & Yang, J. (2012). Container port systems in China and the USA: A comparative study. Maritime Policy & Management, 39(5), 461-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2012.705032
- Marques, R., & Fonseca, A. (2010). Market structure, privatisation and regulation of Portuguese seaports. Maritime Policy & Management, 37(2), 145-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088830903533791
- Martínez-Budría, E., Díaz-Armas, R., Navarro-Ibáñez, M., & Ravelo-Mesa, T. (1999). A study of the efficiency of Spanish port authorities using data envelopment analysis. International Journal of Transport Economics/Rivista internazionale di economia dei trasporti, 26(2), 237-253. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276204733_A_Study_of_the_Efficiency_of_Spanish_Port_Authoriti es_Using_Data_Envelopment_Analysis
- Meersman, H., Van de Voorde, E., & Vanelslander, T. (2006). Fighting for money, investments and capacity: Port governance and devolution in Belgium., Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 85-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17004-3
- Montero, F. J. (2004). Panamanian maritime sector managements. Marine Policy, 28(4), 283-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2003.09.007
- Montero, F. J. (2005). Panama Canal management. Marine Policy, 29(1), 25-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.02.001
- Montero, F. J. (2006). Port privatization in Panama. Marine Policy, 30(5), 483-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.06.017
- Notteboom, T. (2010). Concentration and the formation of multi-port gateway regions in the European container port system: An update. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(4), 567-583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.03.003
- Nikolopoulou, A. et al. (2019). Sustainable port development: Towards the Physical Internet concept. In 6th International Physical Internet Conference. London, United Kingdom. 9-11 July 2019. Retrieved from: https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/sustainable-port-development-towards-the-physical-internet-concep
- Notteboom, T., De Langen, P., & Jacobs, W. (2013). Institutional plasticity and path dependence in seaports: interactions between institutions, port governance reforms and port authority routines. Journal of Transport Geography, 27, 26-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.05.002
- Notteboom, T., & Neyens, K. (2017). The future of port logistics. Meeting the challenges of supply chain integration. Brussels, Belgium: ING Bannk. Retrieved from: http://www.portexpertise.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/ING-the-future-of-port-logistics.pdf
- Notteboom, T., & Zhongzhen Y. (2017). Port governance in China since 2004: Institutional layering and the growing impact of broader policies. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 184-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.09.002
- Oral, E. Z., Kisi, H., Cerit, A. G., Tuna, O., & Esmer, S. (2006). Port governance in Turkey. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 71-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17008-0
- Organización de las Naciones Unidas. (2019). Naciones Unidas: objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. New YorK, NY: Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/sustainable-development-goals/ Pallis, A. A. (2006). Port governance in Greece. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 155-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17007-9
- Pallis, A. A., & Syriopoulos, T. (2007). Port governance models: Financial evaluation of Greek port restructuring. Transport Policy, 14(3), 232-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.03.002
- Pallis, A. A., & Vaggelas, G. K. (2017). A Greek prototype of port governance. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 49-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.003
- Pallis, A. A., Vitsounis, T. K., & De Langen, P. W. (2010). Port economics, policy and management: Review of an emerging research field. Transport Reviews, 30(1), 115-161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441640902843208
- Parola, F., Ferrari, C., Tei, A., Satta, G., & Musso, E. (2017). Dealing with multi-scalar embeddedness and institutional divergence: Evidence from the renovation of Italian port governance. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 89-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.005
- Parola, F., Tei, A. & Ferrari, C. (2012). Managing port concessions: Evidence from Italy. Maritime Policy & Management, 39(1), 45-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2011.642312
- Peris-Mora, E., Orejas, J. D., Subirats, A., Ibáñez, S., & Álvarez, P. (2005). Development of a system of indicators for sustainable port management. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50(12), 1649-1660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.048
- Pettit, S. J., & Beresford, A. K. C. (2008). An assessment of long-term United Kingdom port performance: A regional perspective. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 10(1-2), 53-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100191
- Psaraftis, H. N. (2005). EU ports policy: Where do we go from here? Maritime Economics & Logistics, 7(1), 73-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100125
- Puertos del Estado. (2019). Código de conducta ambiental ESPO. Madrid: Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana. Puertos del Estado. Retrieved from: http://www.puertos.es/es-es/medioambiente/Paginas/ESPO.aspx
- Rodrigue, J. P. (2017). The governance of intermediacy: The insertion of Panama in the global liner shipping network. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 21-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.11.005
- Rodrigue, J. P., Comtois, C., & Slack, B. (2013). The geography of transport systems. London, England: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315618159
- Sánchez, R. J., & Wilmsmeier, G. (2006). The river plate basin–A comparison of port devolution processes on the East Coast of South America. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 185-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17009-2
- Sherman, R. B. (2000). Seaport governance in the United States and Canada. Alexandria, VA: American Association of Port Authorities.
- Shinohara, M. (2017). Characteristics of Japanese port policy: Strategic ports and policy dilemma. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 100-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.08.005
- Sobrino H, J. M. (2018). El mar y la UE: la necesidad de una política marítima integrada. Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo, 22(61), 835-849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18042/cepc/rdce.61.01
- Song, D. W., & Lee, S. W. (2006). Port governance in Korea. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 357-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17016-X
- Song, D. W., & Lee, S. W. (2017). Port governance in Korea: Revisited. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 27-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.11.002
- Togan, S. (2009). Liberalization of transport services in Egypt, Jordan and Morocco. Washington DC, WA: World Bank.
- Tseng, P. H., & Pilcher, N. (2017). Port governance in Taiwan: How hypocrisy helps meet aspirations of change. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 38-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.07.003
- United Nations. (2016). Paris agreement. New York, NY: United Nations. Retrieved from: https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf
- Ungo, R., & Sabonge, R. (2012). A competitive analysis of Panama Canal routes. Maritime Policy & Managements, 39(6), 555-570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2012.728727
- Valleri, M., Lamonarca, M., & Papa, P. (2006). Port governance in Italy. Research in Transportation Economics, 17, 139-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0739-8859(06)17006-7 van de Voorde, E., & Verhoeven, P. (2017). Port governance and policy changes in Belgium 2006-2016: a comprehensive assessment of process and impact. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 123-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.12.004
- Verhoeven, P. (2010). A review of port authority functions: towards a renaissance? Maritime Policy & Management, 37(3), 247-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03088831003700645 Verhoeven, P. (2011). European port governance-Report of an enquiry into the current governance of European seaports. The ESPO Fact-Finding Report. Brussels, Belgium: European Sea Ports Organisation. Retrieved from: https://www.espo.be/media/espopublications/espofactfindingreport2010.pdf
- Villa, J. C (2017). Port reform in Mexico: 1993–2015. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 22, 232- 238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.11.003
- Wang, J. J., Ng, A. K. Y., & Olivier, D. (2004). Port governance in China: a review of policies in an era of internationalizing port management practices. Transport Policy, 11(3), 237-250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2003.11.003
- Wilmsmeier, G., & Monios, J. (2016). Institutional structure and agency in the governance of spatial diversification of port system evolution in Latin America. Journal of Transport Geography, 51, 294-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.02.004