Credibilidad en la prensa onlineestrategia para la diferenciación y generación de audiencias

  1. María-Magdalena Rodríguez-Fernández
  2. Valentín-Alejandro Martínez-Fernández
  3. Óscar Juanatey-Boga
Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710,  1699-2407

Año de publicación: 2020

Título del ejemplar: Framing (Encuadre)

Volumen: 29

Número: 6

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2020.NOV.31 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: El profesional de la información

Resumen

En el sector de las publicaciones periódicas en papel, donde la prensa ha sido la más afectada, la digitalización ha generado importantes transformaciones en sus modelos de negocio, lo que ha propiciado, por un lado, la migración digital de las cabeceras tradicionales en la búsqueda inicial de una hibridación y, por otro, la incorporación de nuevas cabeceras nativas digitales. Ante esta situación la credibilidad se erige como un factor relevante en el momento de seleccionar cabeceras para informarse. En este sentido, en lo que a prensa online se refiere, se plantean dos objetivos: analizar qué factores influyen y sobre cuáles incide la credibilidad de una cabecera online. La metodología se fundamenta en una investigación cuantitativa, basada en la realización de encuestas a jóvenes universitarios y el empleo de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Las conclusiones evidencian que la cobertura es la principal variable en la generación de credibilidad y ésta a su vez contribuye a la percepción en el lector de una mayor confianza, precisión y simpatía.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • AIMC (2018). Marco general de los medios es España 2018. Madrid: Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación. http://www.aimc.es/a1mc-c0nt3nt/uploads/2018/02/marco18.pdf
  • AIMC (2019). Marco general de los medios en España 2019. Madrid: Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación. http://www.aimc.es/a1mc-c0nt3nt/uploads/2019/01/marco19.pdf
  • Alexander, Janet E.; Tate, Marsha A. (1999). Web wisdom: How to evaluate and create web page quality. USA: L. Erlbaum Associates Inc. ISBN: 978 0 8058 3123 8
  • Alonso-Almeida, María-de-Mar (2009). “Transparencia de las empresas para la confianza de los stakeholders a través de internet: Un análisis empírico”. Hitos de ciencias económico administrativas, v. 43, pp. 105-114. https://core.ac.uk/download/236398260.pdf
  • Alonso-González, Marian (2019). “Fake news: Desinformación en la era de la sociedad de la información”. Revista internacional de comunicación, n. 45, pp. 29-52. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2019.i45.03
  • Alonso-Muñoz, Laura; Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2017). “Transparencia y monitorización en el entorno digital. Hacia una tipología de las plataformas impulsadas por la ciudadanía”. Revista latina de comunicación social, v. 72, pp. 1351-1366. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2017-1223
  • Brandt, D. Scott (1996). “Evaluating information on the internet”. Computers in libraries, v. 16, n. 5, pp. 44-46. https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-18323214/evaluating-information-on-the-internet
  • Browne, Michael W.; Cudeck, Robert (1992). “Alternative ways of assessing model fit”. Sociological methods & research, v. 21, n. 2, pp. 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
  • Calvo-Porral, Cristina; Martínez-Fernández, Valentín-Alejandro; Juanatey-Boga, Óscar (2014). “Credibilidad de los medios de comunicación: análisis de la prensa diaria desde el comportamiento del consumidor”. El profesional de la información, v. 23, n. 3, pp. 300-309. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2014.may.10
  • Canavilhas, João; Ivars-Nicolás, Begoña (2012). “Uso y credibilidad de fuentes periodísticas 2.0 en Portugal y España”. El profesional de la información, v. 21, n. 1, pp. 63-69. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2012.ene.08
  • Cassidy, William P. (2007). “Online news credibility: An examination of the perceptions of newspaper journalists”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 12, n. 2, pp. 478-498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00334.x
  • Cea-D’Ancona, María-Ángeles (2011). Análisis multivariable. Teoría y práctica en la investigación social. Madrid: Síntesis. ISBN: 978 84 7738 943 8
  • Choi, Yunmi; Axelrod, Daniel; Kim, Jihyun (2015). “Trust me, I am your news channel: Media credibility across news platforms in the United States and South Korea”. Electronic news, v .9, n. 1, pp. 17-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1931243115572823
  • Chung, Chung-Joo; Nam, Yoonjae; Stefanone, Michael A. (2012). “Exploring online news credibility: The relative influence of traditional and technological factors”. Journal of computer mediated communication, v. 17, n. 2, pp. 171-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2011.01565.x
  • Consoli, John (1997). “Online usage: More than a fad”. Editor & publisher, v. 130, n. 32, pp. 26-26. https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-19705799/online-usage-more-than-a-fad-survey-by-find-svp
  • Dafonte-Gómez, Alberto (2019). “Consumo y distribución de contenidos en la era digital: el papel de la audiencia en la propagación de noticias falsas”. En: Transformações do jornalismo. Na nova ecologia dos meios, pp. 54-63. ISBN: 978 989 8971 00 5
  • Del-Valle-Peral, Ricardo-Alejandro (2017). Las audiencias activas y la credibilidad de los medios de comunicación en México. Universidad Complutense de Madrid: Tesis doctoral. http://eprints.ucm.es/47825/1/T39971.pdf
  • Digital News Report.es (2019). Ante una confianza decreciente, la mayoría de los usuarios españoles se previene de la desinformación. Universidad de Navarra: Center for Internet Studies and Digital Life. https://www.digitalnewsreport.es/2019/ante-una-confianza-decreciente-la-mayoria-de-los-usuarios-espanoles-se-previene-de-la-desinformacion
  • Falk, R. Frank; Miller, Nancy B. (1992). A primer for soft modeling. USA: University of Akron Press. ISBN: 978 0 962262 84 5
  • Flanagin, Andrew J.; Metzger, Miriam J. (2000). “Perceptions of internet information credibility”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 77, n. 3, pp. 515-540. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700304
  • Flavián, Carlos; Gurrea, Raquel (2008). “Reading newspapers on the internet: the influence of web sites’ attributes”. Internet research, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 26-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240810849577
  • Fogg, Brian J. (2003). “Prominence-interpretation theory: Explaining how people assess credibility online”. In: CHI’03 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems, pp. 722-723. https://doi.org/10.1145/765891.765951
  • Fogg, Brian J.; Marshall, Jonathan; Laraki, Othman; Osipovich, Alex; Varma, Chris; Fang, Nicholas; Paul, Jyoti; Rangnekar, Akshay; Shon, John; Swani, Preeti; Treines, Marissa (2001). “What makes web sites credible? A report on a large quantitative study”. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 61-68. https://bit.ly/3oxA9PL
  • Fornell, Claes; Larcker, David F. (1981). “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”. Journal of marketing research, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Freeman, Krisandra S.; Spyridakis, Jan H. (2004). “An examination of factors that affect the credibility of online health information”. Technical communication, v. 51, n. 2, pp. 239-263. http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0d9c/4ba75f5f65423f6c9367551c4f57d93293f8.pdf-263
  • Fritch, John W.; Cromwell, Robert L. (2001). “Evaluating internet resources: Identity, affiliation, and cognitive authority in a networked world”. Journal of the American Society for Information science and Technology, v. 52, n. 6, pp. 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.1081
  • Fritch, John W.; Cromwell, Robert L. (2002). “Delving deeper into evaluation: exploring cognitive authority on the internet”. Reference services review, v. 30, n. 3, pp. 242-254. https://doi.org/10.1108/00907320210435509
  • García-Avilés, José-Alberto; Navarro-Maillo, Fátima; Arias-Robles, Félix (2018). “La credibilidad de los contenidos informativos en internet para los ‘nativos digitales’: estudio de caso”. Palabra clave, v. 17, n. 3, pp. 875-894. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2014.17.3.13
  • Gaziano, Cecile; McGrath, Kristin (1986). “Measuring the concept of credibility”. Journalism quarterly, v. 63, n. 3, pp. 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908606300301
  • Go, Eun; You, Kyung-Han; Jung, Eunhwa; Shim, Hongjin (2016). “Why do we use different types of websites and assign them different levels of credibility? Structural relations among users’ motives, types of websites, information credibility, and trust in the press”. Computers in human behavior, v. 54, pp. 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.046
  • Greer, Jennifer D. (2003). “Evaluating the credibility of online information: A test of source and advertising influence”. Mass communication and society, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0601_3
  • Grossi, Angela-Maria; Soares-dos-Santos, Gabriella (2018). “Jornalismo e credibilidade: Uma percepção do público”. Ámbitos. Revista internacional de comunicación, v. 3, n. 42, pp. 40-54. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2018.i42.03
  • Gunther, Albert C. (1992). “Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social groups”. Public opinion quarterly, v. 56, n. 2, pp. 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1086/269308
  • Gutiérrez-Coba, Liliana-María; Salgado-Cardona, Andrea; Gómez-Díaz, Javier-Andrés (2012). “Calidad vs. credibilidad en el periodismo por internet: batalla desigual”. Observatorio (OBS*), v. 6, n. 2, pp. 157-176. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS622012564
  • Gutiérrez-Coba, Liliana-María; Salgado-Cardona, Andrea; Gómez-Díaz, Javier-Andrés (2015). “Factores asociados a la credibilidad y a la autoridad percibidas (o su influencia social) en los medios de noticias online en Colombia”. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, v. 21, pp. 165-180. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ESMP.2015.v21.50671
  • Hair, Joseph F.; Anderson, Rolph E.; Tatham, Ronald L.; Black, William C. (1999). Análisis multivariante. Madrid: Prentice Hall. ISBN: 84 8322 035 0
  • Hayat, Tsahi; Hershkovitz, Arnon (2018). “The role social cues play in mediating the effect of eWOM over purchasing intentions: An exploratory analysis among university students”. Journal of customer behaviour, v. 17, n. 3, pp. 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539218X15434304746027
  • Hayat, Tsahi; Hershkovitz, Arnon; Samuel-Azran, Tal (2019). “The independent reinforcement effect: The role diverse social ties play in the credibility assessment process”. Public understanding of science, v. 28, n. 2, pp. 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662518812282
  • Hickey, Neil (2003). “Cable wars”. Columbia journalism review, v. 41, n. 5, pp. 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-584420141
  • Hovland, Carl; Janis, Irving; Kelley, Harold (1953). Communication and persuasion. Psychological studies of opinión change. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN: 978 0 300005 73 8
  • Johnson, Thomas J.; Kaye, Barbara K. (2000). “Using is believing: The influence of reliance on the credibility of online political information among politically interested users”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 77, pp. 865-879. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700409
  • Johnson, Thomas J.; Kaye, Barbara K. (2002). “Webelievability: A path model examining how convenience and reliance predict online credibility”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 79, n. 3, pp. 619-642. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900306
  • Johnson, Thomas J.; Kaye, Barbara K. (2004). “Wag the blog: How reliance on traditional media and the Internet influence credibility perceptions of weblogs among blog users”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 81, n. 3, pp. 622-642. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900408100310
  • Johnson, Thomas J.; Kaye, Barbara K. (2014). “Credibility of social network sites for political information among politically interested Internet users”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, v. 19, n. 4, pp. 957-974. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12084
  • Johnson, Thomas J.; Kaye, Barbara K. (2015). “Reasons to believe: Influence of credibility on motivations for using social networks”. Computers in human behavior, v. 50, pp. 544-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.002
  • Kapoun, Jim (1998). “Teaching undergrads web evaluation: A guide for library instruction”. College & research libraries news, v. 59, n. 7, pp. 522-523. http://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/23707/31079
  • Karlsson, Michael; Clerwall, Christer; Nord, Lars (2014). “You ain’t seen nothing yet: transparency’s (lack of) effect on source and message credibility”. Journalism studies, v. 15, n. 5, pp. 668-678. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.886837
  • Kline, Rex B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. ISBN 978 1 60623 876 9
  • Kotler, Philip; Keller, Kevin-Lane (2012). Dirección de marketing (14 ed.). México: Editorial Pearson-Prentice hall. ISBN: 978 607 32 1245 8
  • Kriscautzky, Marina; Ferreiro, Emilia (2014). “La confiabilidad de la información en Internet: criterios declarados y utilizados por jóvenes estudiantes mexicanos”. Educação e pesquisa, v. 40, n. 4, pp. 913-934. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-97022014121511
  • Levins, Hoag (1998). “Growing US audience reads news on Net”. Editor & publisher, v. 131, n. 8, pp. 14-14. https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-20320808/growing-u-s-audience-reads-news-on-net
  • Li, Xiaojing; Zhang, Guoliang (2017). “Perceived credibility of Chinese social media: toward an integrated approach”. International journal of public opinion research, v. 30, n. 1, pp. 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edw035
  • López-García, Xosé; Bellón-Rodríguez, Ana; De-Mateo-Pérez, Rosario (2014). “Diarios gratuitos atrapados en la crisis: dos formatos diferentes y un destino incierto”. Revista latina de comunicación social, n. 69, pp. 435-461. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2014-1019
  • Mancinas-Chávez, Rosalba; Nogales-Bocio, Antonia-Isabel; Yaguache-Quichimbo, Jenny-Jovita (2019). “Estructuras de propiedad: los dueños de la información digital”. En: Romero-Rodríguez, Luis-Miguel; Rivera-Rogel, Diana-Elizabeth. La comunicación en el escenario digital. Actualidad, retos y prospectivas. Perú: Pearson, pp. 219-323. ISBN: 978 607 3248594
  • Manfredi-Sánchez, Juan-Luis (2017). “Horizontes de la información pública”. El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 3, pp. 353-360. https://doi.org/ 10.3145/epi.2017.may.01
  • Marcos-Recio, Juan-Carlos; García-Alonso, Pedro; Parra-Valcarce, David (2014). “La actividad informativa en los medios digitales: ¿sobrevivirán los periódicos impresos sin publicidad?”. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, v. 20, n. 1, pp. 177-194. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_esmp.2014.v20.n1.45226
  • Martínez-Fernández, Valentín-Alejandro (2017). “Immediacy and metamedia. Time dimensión on networks”. En: Campos-Freire, Francisco; Rúas-Araujo, Xosé; Martínez-Fernández, Valentín-Alejandro y López-García, Xosé. Media and metamedia management, Swizerland: Springer, pp. 19-24. ISBN: 978 3 319 46068 0
  • Mendizábal, Iván-Rodríguez (2012). “Calidad informativa: credibilidad de medios y periodistas en el Ecuador”. ComHumanitas: revista científica de comunicación, v. 3, n. 1, pp. 53-69. http://www.comhumanitas.org/index.php/comhumanitas/article/view/5
  • Meola, Marc (2004). “Chucking the checklist: A contextual approach to teaching undergraduates Web-site evaluation”. Libraries and the academy, v. 4, n. 3, pp. 331-344. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2004.0055
  • Merritt, Davis (1998). Public journalism and public life: why telling the news is not enough. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. ISBN: 978 0 805 82708 8
  • Metzger, Miriam J. (2007). “Making sense of credibility on the Web: Models for evaluating online information and recommendations for future research”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, v. 58, n. 13, pp. 2078-2091. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20672
  • Metzger, Miriam J.; Flanagin, Andrew J.; Eyal, Keren; Lemus, Daisy R.; McCann, Robert M. (2003). “Credibility for the 21st century: Integrating perspectives on source, message, and media credibility in the contemporary media environment”. Annals of the International Communication Association, v. 27, n. 1, pp. 293-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2003.11679029
  • Meyer, Philip (2004). “The influence model and newspaper business”. Newspaper research journal, v. 25, n. 1, pp. 66-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/073953290402500106
  • Miciu (2019). Datos y cifras del sistema universitario español. Publicación 2018-2019. Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España. http://www.ciencia.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Universidades/Ficheros/Estadisticas/datos-y-cifras-SUE-2018-19.pdf
  • Nozato, Yoshiko (2002). “Credibility of online newspapers”. In: Annual Convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. Washington, DC, pp. 1-27. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.105.6673
  • O’Keefe, Daniel J. (2002). Persuasion theory and research (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications: London. ISBN: 978 0 761925392
  • Oyedeji, Tayo (2009). “A multivariate test of the influence model”. The international journal on media management, v. 11, n. 2, pp. 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241270902763746
  • Oyedeji, Tayo (2010). “The credible brand model: the effects of ideological congruency and customer-based brand equity on news credibility”. American behavioral scientist, v. 54, n. 2, pp. 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764210376312
  • Pew Research Center (2007). News audiences increasingly politicized. http://www.people-press.org/2004/06/08/news-audiences-increasingly-politicized
  • Pew Research Center (2018). Social media outpaces print newspapers in the U.S. as a news source. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/10/social-media-outpaces-print-newspapers-in-the-u-s-as-a-news-source
  • Pew Research Center (2019). Social media outpaces print newspapers in the U.S. as a news source. http://www.ponte.ufpr.br/en/2019/03/10/social-media-outpaces-print-newspapers-u-s-news-source
  • Porlezza, Colin; Maier, Scott R.; Russ-Mohl, Stephan (2012). “News accuracy in Switzerland and Italy: a transatlantic comparison with the US press”. Journalism practice, v. 6, n. 4, pp. 530-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.650923
  • Pornpitakpan, Chanthika (2004). “The persuasiveness of source credibility: A critical review of five decades’ evidence”. Journal of applied social psychology, v. 34, n. 2, pp. 243-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02547.x
  • Reich, Zvi (2011). “Source credibility and journalism: Between visceral and discretional judgment”. Journalism practice, v. 5, n. 1, pp. 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512781003760519
  • Rieh, Soo-Young (2002). “Judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the Web”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, v. 53, n. 2, pp. 145-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.10017
  • Rodríguez-Martínez, Ruth; Codina, Lluís; Pedraza-Jiménez, Rafael (2010). “Cibermedios y web 2.0: modelo de análisis y resultados de aplicación”. El profesional de la información, v. 19, n. 1, pp. 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2010.ene.05
  • Roses, Sergio; Gómez-Calderón, Bernardo (2015). “Credibilidad de los medios en España: divergencias de percepción y caracterización de los escépticos”. El profesional de la información, v. 24, n. 4, pp. 432-440. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2015.jul.10
  • Scholz-Crane, A. (1998). “Evaluating the future: A preliminary study of the process of how undergraduate students evaluate Web sources”. Reference services review, v. 26, n. 3/4, pp. 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1108/00907329810307759
  • Schreiber, James B.; Nora, Amaury; Stage, Frances K.; Barlow, Elizabeht A.; King, Jamie (2006). “Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: a review”. The journal of education research, v. 99, n. 6, pp. 323-337. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  • Schweiger, Wolfgang (2000). “Media credibility - experience or image? A survey on the credibility of the World Wide Web in Germany in comparison to other media”. European journal of communication, v. 15, n. 1, pp. 37-59. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0267323100015001002
  • Smith, Alastair G. (1997). “Testing the surf: Criteria for evaluating Internet information resources. The public-access computer systems review, v. 8, n. 3. http://uh-ir.tdl.org/handle/10657/4995
  • Sundar, Shyam S. (1998). “Effect of source attribution on perception of online news stories”. Journalism and mass communication quarterly, v. 75, n. 1, pp. 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909807500108
  • Swann, Cody (2004). Web design’s effect on perceived credibility of online news stories. University of Florida: Doctoral dissertation. http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006962/swann_c.pdf
  • Wardle, Claire; Derakhshan, Hossei (2018). “Thinking about ‘information disorder’: formats of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information”. In: Ireton, Cherilyn; Posetti, Julie. Journalism, ‘fake news’ and disinformation. Paris: Unesco, pp. 43-54. ISBN: 978 92 3 100281 6
  • Wathen, C. Nadine; Burkell, Jacquelyn (2002). “Believe it or not: Factors influencing credibility on the Web”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, v. 53, n. 2, pp. 134-144. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.10016
  • Weston, Rebecca; Gore, Paul A. (2006). “A brief guide to structural equation modeling”. The counseling psychologist, v. 34, n. 5, pp. 719-751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286345
  • Wilson, Patrick (1983). Second-hand knowledge: an inquiry into cognitive authority. Westport: Greenwood. ISBN: 978 0 313237638
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet