Efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal y el desempeño motriz en niños y jóvenesun meta-análisis.

  1. Casas, Ángel Adrián
  2. Naclerio, Fernando
  3. Dopico Calvo, Xurxo
  4. García, Christian
Revista:
Educación Física y Ciencia

ISSN: 1514-0105 2314-2561

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 20

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.24215/23142561E046 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Educación Física y Ciencia

Resumen

El propósito de este meta-análisis fue determinar la eficacia del efecto de entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre el nivel de adiposidad y el rendimiento motriz en niños y jóvenes que no participan en deporte profesional y de alta competición. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos electrónicas. Los estudios analizados fueron solo ensayos controlados que evaluaron los efectos del entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular sobre la adiposidad corporal (índice de masa corporal IMC; grasa corporal total GCT y adiposidad abdominal) y el desempeño motriz (salto en longitud sin carrera previa SL y lanzamiento de balón medicinal LMB) de niños y jóvenes. Dos evaluadores revisaron los estudios de forma independiente. Veintidós estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron utilizados en este meta-análisis (n= 697). El tamaño del efecto (TE) fue calculado usando el estadístico de Cohen, índice de la familia d. El efecto global estimado para el IMC fue pequeño y el límite del intervalo superior fue >0 (n= 7, d= -0.12, IC  95% -0.35 a 0.10). En el caso de la grasa corporal el TE fue moderado (n= 8, d= -0.37, IC  95% -0.58 a -0.17), al igual que el rendimiento de  saltabilidad (n= 12, d= 0.54, IC 95% 0.36 a 0.72) y lanzamiento (n=4, d= 0.49, IC 95% 0.22 a 0.76). Los resultados de este meta-análisis sugieren que los programas de entrenamiento de la aptitud muscular son eficaces para reducir la adiposidad corporal e incrementar el desempeño motriz en la saltabilidad y el lanzamiento de niños y jóvenes que no participan en deporte profesional y de alta competición.

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