Image of Camino de SantiagoAnalysis of its promotional representation as a tourist product
- 1 UNIVERSIDADE DA CORUÑA (SPAIN)
ISSN: 2182-8466, 2182-8458
Year of publication: 2016
Volume: 12
Issue: 2
Pages: 38-46
Type: Article
More publications in: Tourism & Management Studies
Abstract
In the context of intense competition between destinations, the tourist image is an important element of differentiation. The perceived image is associated with beliefs and impressions about the destination; the projected image becomes an important phenomenon for the promotion and marketing of destinations. In this paper we analyze the promotion campaigns carried out by the regional administration about the Camino de Santiago in recent decades (the context, evolution, actors, promotion strategies, communication activities, materials and symbols) and the correspondence between communication (projected image) and the perceived image by the pilgrims (through the analysis of 2,000 surveys). The empirical study, which takes into account the tourist image of the Camino de Santiago from the point of view of tourists/pilgrims and the projected image, has confirmed the existence of some differences between both, which allows to identify the correspondence or fit between these elements to improve of destination competitiveness.
Bibliographic References
- Álvarez Sousa, A., Gomis Rodríguez, A. & Gallego Valiña, M. A. (2010). Estructura organizativa e imagen promocional del Camino de Santiago. Rotur: Revista de Ocio y Turismo, 3, 11-38.
- Andrade Suárez, M. J. & Caamaño Franco, I. (2013). Attributes and social imaginary produced by tourists about rural areas. Rotur: Revista de Ocio y Turismo, 6, 1-12.
- Antón Clavé, S. & González Reverté, F. (1997). Opciones del turismo para el desarrollo sostenible de los espacios rurales. En Valenzuela Rubio, M. (Coord.), Los turismos de interior: el retorno a la tradición viajera (pp. 61-69). Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
- Antón Clavé, S. & González Reverté, F. (Coord.) (2007). A propósito del turismo: la construcción social del espacio turístico Barcelona: UOC.
- Alhemoud, A. M. & Armstrong, E. G. (1996). Image of tourist attractions in Kuwait. Journal of Travel Research, 34(4), 76-80.
- Andreu, L., Bigné, J. E. & Cooper, C. (2000). Projected and perceived image of Spain as a tourist destination for British travellers. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 9(4), 47-67.
- Baloglu, S. & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective Images of Tourism Destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4), 11-15.
- Baloglu, S. & Mangaloglu, M. (2001). Tourism destinations images of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy as perceived by US–based tour operators and travel agents. Tourism Management, 22, 1-9.
- Baloglu, S. & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897.
- Beerli Palacio, A. & Martín Santana, J. (2004). Tourists´ Characteristic and the Perceived Image of Tourist Destinations: A Quantitative Analysis – A Case Study of Lanzarote, Spain. Tourism Management, 25(5), 623-636.
- Bigné, J. E. & Sánchez, M. I. (2001). Evaluación de la imagen de destinos turísticos: una aplicación metodológica en la Comunidad Valenciana. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 10(3), 189-200.
- Bramwell, B. & Rawding, L. (1996). Tourism marketing images of industrial cities. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 201-221.
- Calantone, R. J., Di Benedetto, C. A., Hakam, A. & Bojanic, D. C. (1989). Multiple multinational tourism positioning using correspondence analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 28(2), 25-32.
- Campubrí, R., Guía, J. & Rodas, J. (2009). La formación de la imagen turística inducida: un modelo conceptual. PASOS, 7(2), 255-270.
- Cannon Hunter, W. (2012). Projected destination image: a visual analysis of Seoul. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 14(3), 419-443.
- Chen, J. S. (2001). A case study of Korean outbound travellers´ destination images by using correspondence analysis. Tourism Management, 22, 345-350.
- Chen J. S. & Hsu, C.H.C. (2000). Measurement of Korean tourists´ perceived images of overseas destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 411-416.
- Chen, J. S. & Uysal, M. (2002): Market positioning analysis: a hybrid approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 987-1003.
- Choi, W. M., Chan, A. & Wu, J. (1999). A qualitative and quantitative assessment of Hong Kong´s image a tourist destination. Tourism Management, 20, 361-365.
- Chon, K-S. (1990). The role of destination image in tourism: a review and discussion. The Tourist Review, 45(2), 2-9.
- Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D. & Wanhill, S. (1993). Tourism. Principles & Practice. London: Pitman.
- Echtner, C. M. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. The Journal of Tourism Studies, 2(2), 2-12.
- Fakeye, P. C. & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences between prospective, first–time and repeat visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10-16.
- Fernández Souto, A. B. (2005). O xacobeo ’93 como fenómeno mediático. Revista galega de ciencias sociais, 4, 83-94.
- Font, X. (1997). Managing the tourist destination’s image”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 3(2), 123-131.
- Galí, N. & Donaire, J. A. (2005). The social construction of the image of Girona: a methodological approach. Tourism Management, 26, 777-785.
- Gallarza, M. G. & Gil, I. y Calderón, H. (2002). Imagen de un destino: Hacia un marco conceptual. Annals of Tourism Research en Español, 4(1), 37-62.
- Gartner, W. C. (1993). Image formation process. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3), 191-215.
- Gartner, W. C. & Shen, J. (1992). The impact of Tiananmen Square on China´s tourism image. Journal of Travel Research, 30(4), 47-52.
- Gunn, C. A. (1972). Vacationscape. Designing tourist regions. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.
- Kim, H. B. & Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216-237.
- Kotler, P., Haider, D. H. & Rein, Y. (1993). Marketing places: attracting investment, industry, and tourism to cities, states, and nations. New York: The Free Press.
- Leisen, B. (2001). Image segmentation: the case of a tourism destination. Journal of Services Marketing, 15(1), 49-66.
- Litvin, S. W. & Maclaurin, D. J. (2001). Consumer attitude and behavior. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 821-823.
- Mackay, K. J. & Fesenmaier, D.R. (1997). Pictorial element of destination in image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(3), 537-565.
- Middleton, V. T. C. (1994). Tourist product. En Witt, S. & Moutinho, L. (Eds.). Tourism marketing and management handbook (pp. 573-576). Hempel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall.
- Milman, A. & Pizam, A. (1995). The role of awareness and familiarity with a destination: The Central Florida case. Journal of Travel Research, 33(3), 21-27.
- Miossec, J. M. (1977). L’image touristique comme introduction à la géographie du tourisme. Annales de Géographie, 473, 55-70.
- Morgan, N. J. & Pritchard, A. (1998).Tourism promotion and power: creating images, creating identities. Chichester: Wiley.
- Russell, J. A. & Pratt, G. (1980). A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 311-322.
- San Martín Gutiérrez, H., Rodríguez del Bosque, I. & Vázquez, R. (2006). Análisis de la imagen en turismo mediante técnicas estructuradas y no estructuradas: Implicaciones competitivas para los destinos turísticos,
- Revista Asturiana de Economía, 35, 69-91.
- Santana Talavera, A. (2007). Imaginando la imagen en turismo: un viaje de ida y vuelta. En Seminario sobre la imagen de Andalucía en el discurso turístico (pp. 1-22). Sevilla: Centro de Estudios Andaluces. En:
- www.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/datos/paginas/factoria/ideas/ponencias_imagenandalucia_turismo.pdf.
- Sanz Blas, S. (2008). Imagen global e intenciones futuras de comportamiento del turista de segunda residencia. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 17(4), 95-114.
- Sirgy, M. J. & Su, C. (2000). Destination image, self–congruity, and travel behavior: toward an integrative model. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 340-352.
- Tapachai, N. & Waryszak, R. (2000). An examination of the role of beneficial image in tourist destination selection. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 37-44.
- Telisman-Kosuta, N. (1994). Tourist destination image. En WITT, S. & Moutinho, L. (Eds): Tourism marketing and management handbook (pp. 557-561). Cambridge: Prentice Hall International.
- Turgalicia (2007). Plan Estratéxico de Turismo de Galicia e Turgalicia 2007-2011. Santiago de Compostela: Dirección Xeral de Turismo.
- Turgalicia (2010). Plan de Acción del Turismo de Galicia. Santiago de Compostela: Dirección Xeral de Turismo.
- Villafañe, J. (2008a). Imagen Positiva. Gestión estratégica de la imagen de las empresas. Madrid: Pirámide.
- Villafañe, J. (2008b). La gestión profesional de la imagen corporativa. Madrid: Pirámide.
- Walmsley, D. J. & Young, M. (1998). Evaluative images and tourism: the use of personal constructs to describe the structure of destinations images. Journal of Travel Research, 36(3), 65-69.
- Xunta de Galicia (1994). Plan Xacobeo 93. Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia.
- Xunta de Galicia (2000). Xacobeo 99. Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia.
- Xunta de Galicia (2011): Memoria del Xacobeo 2010. Santiago de Compostela: S.A. de Xestión do Plan Xacobeo.