Reasons and biological causessome reflections on Boudon’s Theory of Ordinary Rationality

  1. León Medina, Francisco José 1
  1. 1 UDG
Revista:
Papers: revista de sociología

ISSN: 0210-2862,  2013-9004

Año de publicación: 2014

Título del ejemplar: Raymond Boudon

Volumen: 99

Número: 4

Páginas: 595-629

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5565/REV/PAPERS.2091 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDDD editor

Otras publicaciones en: Papers: revista de sociología

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

En su esfuerzo por proveer a la sociología de una teoría del comportamiento con la que microfundamentar los fenómenos sociales, Raymond Boudon buscó una teoría que pudiese presentarse como general (es decir, una teoría que, dada su fortaleza, pudiera usarse «por defecto» en las explicaciones). En esta búsqueda, Boudon desconsideró las causas biológicas y defendió que su teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria era la mejor elección, pues ofrecía explicaciones finales: cuando una conducta se explica como resultado de creencias que están bien fundamentadas en buenas razones, estamos ofreciendo una explicación libre de «cajas negras». En este artículo, sostendré que existen serios problemas en los argumentos que usó Boudon para descartar la estrategia explicativa basada en las causas biológicas. En segundo lugar, señalaré que algunos hallazgos recientes de varias ciencias del comportamiento suponen un cuestionamiento radical del valor de su teoría de la racionalidad ordinaria así como una reevaluación positiva de la psicología evolucionista. A la luz de estos hallazgos, podemos sostener que, en muchas ocasiones, o bien las razones están sistemáticamente sesgadas por causas biológicas, o bien esas causas causan directamente la conducta, por lo que entonces las razones son meras racionalizaciones. Por lo tanto, ni la estrategia explicativa basada en razones ni la basada en causas biológicas pueden usarse «por defecto». Dado el estado actual de nuestro conocimiento, la psicología evolucionista no puede proponerse como una teoría general del comportamiento, pero está mejor situada para hacerlo en el futuro: dependerá de su habilidad para construir modelos que integren razones y causas biológicas.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet