Un análisis de la transformación del servicio universal y el ámbito reservado en las políticas de competencia del sector postal en la Unión Europea
-
1
Universidade da Coruña
info
ISSN: 2448-9182, 1405-1079
Ano de publicación: 2010
Volume: 19
Número: 2
Páxinas: 187-237
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Gestión y política pública
Resumo
The postal sector has suffered an intense process of transformation oriented towards creating a competitive frame in the European Union (EU). Being considered of general interest in the European Directives, these define and delimit universal postal services (ups) and impose universal service obligations (uso). The first problem is financing the uso, solved through the allocation of a reserved scope or a compensating fund for the operator. Like each member state presents its peculiarities from the starting point and throughout the whole process, the effects of opening up of the postal market can be very different. This work analyses the funding alternatives of the ups problem digging deeper into EU case, where some normative steps have been taken, both regarding the financing of the ups and the regulation of access to the network.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Ambrosini, X., F. Boldron y B. Roy (2006), "Universal Service Obligations in the Postal Sector", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Progress toward Liberalization of the Postal and Delivery Sector, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 23-37.
- Armstrong, M., S. Cowan y J. Vickers (1994), Regulatory Reform: Economic Analysis and British Experience, Cambridge, mit Press.
- Armstrong, M. y David E.M. Sappington (2006), "Regulation, Competition and Liberalization", en Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 44, pp. 326-366.
- Baumol, William J. (1983), "Some Subtle Issues in Railroad Deregulation", en International Journal of Transportation Economics, vol. 10, pp. 341-355.
- Baumol, William J. y J.G. Sidak (1994), Toward Competition in Local Telephony, Washington, mit Press y American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.
- Bradley, M.D. y J. Colvin (2001), "The Role of the Monopoly Product in the Cost of Universal Service", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Future Directions in Postal Reform, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 163-180.
- Chone, P.L., L. Flochel y A. Perrot (2002), "Allocation and Funding of Universal Service Obligations in a Competitive Network Market", en International Journal of Industrial Organization vol. 20, núm. 9, pp. 1247-1276.
- Cohen, R. y E. Chu (1997), "A Measure of Scale Economies for Postal Systems", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Managing Change in the Postal Delivery Industries, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 115-132.
- Crandall, R. y J. G. Sidak (2002), "Is Structural Separation of Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers Necessary for Competition?" en Yale Journal on Regulation, vol. 19, núm. 2, pp. 335-411.
- Cremer, H., A. Grimaud y J.J. Laffont (2000), "The Cost of Universal Service in the Postal Sector", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Current Directions in Postal Reform, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 47-68.
- Cremer, H.A. et al. (2001), "Universal Service: An Economic Perspective", en Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, vol. 72, núm. 1, pp. 5-43.
- Crew, M. y Paul R. Kleindorfer (1998), "Efficient Entry, Monopoly and the Universal Service Obligations in Postal Service", en Journal of Regulatory Economics, vol. 14, pp. 103-125.
- Crew, M. y Paul R. Kleindorfer (2000), "Liberalization and the Universal Service Obligation in Postal Service", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (ed.), Current Directions in Postal Reform, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 3-28.
- Crew, M. y Paul R. Kleindorfer (2001), "Whither the uso under Competitive Entry: A Microstructure Approach", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (ed.), Future Directions in Postal Reform, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 117-140.
- Crew, M. y Paul R. Kleindorfer (2006), "The Welfare Effects of Entry and Strategies for Maintaining the uso in the Postal Sector", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Progress toward Liberalization of the Postal and Delivery Sector, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 3-22.
- Crew, M., Paul R. Kleindorfer y J. Sumpter (2005), "Bringing Competition to Telecommunications by Divesting the rbocs", en M.A. Crew y Menachem Spiegel (eds.), Obtaining the Best from Regulation and Competition, Norwel, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 21-40.
- De Bijl, P., E. van Damme y P. Larouche (2003), "Toward a Liberalised Postal Market", tilec, Tilburg University, agosto.
- De Bijl, P., E. van Damme y P. Larouche (2006), "Regulation Access to Stimulate Competition in Postal Markets?", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (ed.), Progress toward Liberalization of the Postal and Delivery Sector, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 153-172.
- Hausman, Jerry A. (1997), "Valuing the Effect of Regulation on New Services in Telecommunications", en Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, pp. 1-38.
- Hausman, Jerry A., y J. Gregory Sidak (2005), "Telecommunications Regulation: Current Approaches with the End in Sight", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, mimeo.
- Hirschman, A. (1970), Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
- Houpis, G., A. Lara y M. Williams (2006), "Estimating the Net Cost of the uso: A Case Study of Colombia", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Progress toward Liberalization of the Postal and Delivery Sector, Nueva York, Springer, 89-101.
- Jonsson, P. y S. Selander (2005), "The Real Graveyard Spiral: Experiences from the Liberalized Swedish Postal Market", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Progress toward Liberalization of the Postal and Delivery Sector, Nueva York, Springer, pp. 359-366.
- Lasheras, M.A. (1999), La regulación económica de los servicios públicos, Barcelona, Ariel.
- Lipsky, Jr. Abbott B. y Sidak J.G. (1999), "Essential Facilities", en Stanford Law Review, vol. 51, pp. 1187-1249.
- Moriarty, R. y P. Smith (2005), "Barriers to Entry in Post and Regulatory Responses", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (ed.), Regulatory and Economic Challenges in the Postal and Delivery Sector, Boston, Springer, pp. 101-119.
- nera (1998), "Costing and Financing of Universal Service Obligations in the Postal Sector in the European Union", Final Report for DG XIII, European Commission, Bruselas.
- Osborne D. y T. Glaeber (1992), Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley.
- Panzar, J. (2000), "A Methodology for Measuring the Costs of Universal Service Obligations", Information Economics and Policy, vol. 12, pp. 211-220.
- Panzar, J. (2001), "Funding Universal Service Obligations: The Costs of Liberalization", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Future Directions in Postal Reform, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 141-163.
- Parker, P. y L.H. Röller (1997), "Collusive Conduct in Duopolies: Multi market Contact and Cross-ownership in the Mobile Telephone Industry", Rand Journal of Economics, vol. 28, núm. 2, pp. 304-322.
- Pateiro Rodríguez, C. (2003), "El proceso y el modelo liberalizador del sector postal en la Unión Europea: Referencia al caso de España", Información Comercial Española. ice: Revista de Economía, núm. 808, pp. 141-160.
- Postcomm (2004), "Competitive Market Review: Proposals for Consultation", septiembre, p. 63, en: http://www.psc.gov.uk/.
- Price Waterhouse Coopers (pwc) (2006), "El impacto sobre el servicio universal de la plena realización del mercado interior postal en 2009", informe final, versión disponible en la web del Ministerio de Fomento español.
- Rodríguez, F., S. Smith y D. Storer (1999), "Estimating the Cost of the Universal Service Obligation in Postal Service", en M.A. Crew y P.R. Kleindorfer (eds.), Emerging Competition in Postal and Delivery Services, Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 195-207.
- Sappington, David E.M. y J. Gregory Sidak (2003): "Incentives for Anticompetitive Behaviour by Public Enterprises", Review of Industrial Organization, vol. 22, núm. 3, pp.183-206.
- SEO (2003), "Tante Post Krijgt Concurrentie; Effecten van de Liberalisering van de Postmark", Amsterdam, septiembre: 29.
- wik Consult (2006), "Main Developments in the Postal Sector (2004-2006)", Study for the European Commission DG Internal Market.