La Neurociencia para la innovación de contenidos en la televisión pública europea
- Verónica Crespo Pereira 1
- Valentín-Alejandro Martínez Fernández 2
- Francisco Campos Freire 3
-
1
Universidade de Vigo
info
-
2
Universidade da Coruña
info
-
3
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
info
ISSN: 1134-3478
Año de publicación: 2017
Título del ejemplar: Cerebro social e inteligencia conectiva
Número: 52
Páginas: 9-18
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación
Resumen
The new media landscape is characterized by the fragmentation and disaffection of the audience towards The new media landscape is characterized by the fragmentation and disaffection of the audience towards traditional television. Such a context requires innovative strategies to meet the needs of the public and connect with it. This article analyses the ability of Neuroscience to optimize the production of content adapted to audiences. For this purpose, a review of management and economic reports and corporate websites of the European public broadcasters (N=100) was carried out, as well as the evolution of the audience in the period 2010-15. Also, an exploratory analysis and in-depth interviews with open and closed questionnaires was undertaken. The data collect the opinion of neuroscientific experts, Neuromarketing consultants, academics and professionals in European public television (N=22) on the usefulness and introduction of this science for audience research, its possible application in programming, and the role of Neuroeducation in the design of educational programmes. The findings determine that almost a dozen public service media in Europe are already applying audiovisual Neuromarketing as an incipient and innovative tool to test entertainment programmes, commercial spaces and competitiveness improvement strategies. However, it has not been implemented in educational content, which is a core mission of public broadcasters.
Información de financiación
Los resultados de este artículo son resultados del Proyecto de «Indicadores de gobernanza, financiación, rendición de cuentas, innovación, calidad y servicio público de las RTV europeas aplicables a España en el contexto digital» (CSO2015-66543-P), del Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia, del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) de la Unión Europea. Así como de la actividad de la Red Internacional de Investigación de Gestión de la Comunicación (REDES 2016 G-1641 XESCOM), apoyada por la Consellería de Cultura, Educación y Ordenación Universitaria de la Xunta de Galicia (Referencia ED341D R2016/019). El trabajo de la autora se realizó gracias al Programa de Apoyo a la Etapa Predoctoral del «Plan Galego de Investigación, Innovación e Crecemento, 2011-2015» (Plan I2C) (A-2014), de la Consellería de Cultura, Educación y Ordenación Universitaria de la Xunta de Galicia.Financiadores
-
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Gobierno de España
- CSO2015-66543-P
-
European Regional Development Fund
- CSO2015-66543-P
-
Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia
- ED341D R2016/019
Referencias bibliográficas
- Anderson, D.A. (2007). A Neuroscience of Children and Media? Journal of Children and Media, 1(1), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482790601005215
- Ansari, D., De-Smedt, B., & Grabner, R.H. (2012). Neuroeducation. A Critical Overview of an Emerging field. Neuroethics, 5(2), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-011-9119-3
- Bavelier, D., Green, C.S., & Dye, M.W. (2010). Children, Wired: for Better and for Worse. Neuron, 67(5), 692-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.035
- BBC Media Centre. (2014). BBC Worldwide TV Show Fans are Given the Chance to Have their Emotions Facially Coded to Determine their Favourite Programmes in a Brand New Study. (https://goo.gl/oXVlrW) (2016-12-05).
- BBC Trust. (2015). BBC Trust. Final Decision on Proposals for BBC three, BBC One, BBC iPlayer and CBBC. (https://goo.gl/LCQnAR) (2016-10-25).
- Bechara, A., & Damasio, A.R. (2005). The Somatic Marker Hypothesis: A Neural Theory of Economic Decision. Games and Economic Behavior, 52, 336-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2004.06.010
- Brevini, B. (2015). The Struggle for PSB 2.0. An Assessment. International Journal of Digital Television, 6(2), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.6.2.221_1
- Camacho, R. (2005). Televisión de calidad: distinción y audiencia. [Quality Television: Distinctiveness and Audience]. Comunicar, 25, 29-32. (http://goo.gl/0V8zkI) (2016-10-27).
- Carpentier, N. (2014). Engagment social, société civile et médias en ligne. Belgique: Fondation Roi Boudouin.
- Crespo-Pereira, V., Martínez-Fernández, V.A., & García-Soidán, P. (2016). El profesional del neuromarketing en el sector audiovisual español. El Profesional de la Información, 25(2), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.mar.07
- Cunningham, S. (2015). Repositionning the innovation Rationale for Public Service Media. International Journal of Digital Televisión, 6(2), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.6.2.203_1
- Dalesio, E.P. (2015). Beyond Polygraph Techniques: How to Hook an Audience. (https://goo.gl/Vof6FD) (2016-11-10).
- DCMS. (2016). A BBC for the Future: A Broadcaster of Distinction. (https://goo.gl/3KLLsK) (2016-10-10).
- Deproeftuin. (2015). TV-Series en Hersengolven. (https://goo.gl/Z3Njxj) (2016-09-08).
- Devonshire, I.M., & Dommett, E.J. (2010). Neuroscience: Viable Applications in Education? The Neuroscientist, 16(4), 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858410370900
- Donders, K., & Raats, T. (2015). From Public Service Media Organisations to De-centralised Public Service for the Media Sector: A Comparative Analysis of Opportunities and Disadvantages. Javnost-The Public, 22(2), 145-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2015.1041227
- EBU. (2016). Audience Trends Radio 2016. (https://goo.gl/to2vMo) (2016-11-11).
- Eilber, J. (2009). A View from Arts Education. In B. Rich, J. Goldberg, (Eds.), Neuroeducation: Learning, Arts and the Brain. (pp. 75-77). New York: Dana Press.
- Ellis, R., & Greenbank, M. (2015). Watching the Devices: Do we Watch Video Differently on Smaller Screens? Esomar Congress 2015, 150-157. Dublin. (https://goo.gl/9tWvqG) (2016-11-21).
- Eurodata. (2016). One TV Year in the World. The Overview of TV Consumption and Audiovisual Landscapes in more than 100 Territories. (https://goo.gl/OAOAiQ) (2016-10-20).
- Ferrés, J. (2014). Las pantallas y el cerebro emocional. Barcelona: Gedisa.
- Fischer, K.W., Goswami, U., & Geake, J. (2010). The Future of Educational Neuroscience. Mind, Brain, and Education, 4(2), 68-80. https://doi:10.1111/j.1751-228X.2010.01086.x
- Fontaine, B. (2014). France TV: 15 innovations avec INRIA et plein de start-ups (Le Web 14). (https://goo.gl/pwqify) (2016-11-06).
- Franquet, R., & Villa, M.I. (2014). Cross-Media Production in Spain´s Public Broadcaster RTVE: Innovation, Promotion, and Audiencia Loyalty Strategies. International Journal of Communication, 8, 2301-2322. (https://goo.gl/6nW5wF) (2016-12-24).
- Gabrieli, J.D. (2016). The Promise of Educational Neuroscience: Comment on Bowers. Psychological Review, 123 (5), 613-619. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000034
- Gavrila, M., & Morcellini, M. (2015). RAI Narrates Italy: Current Affairs, Television Information and Changing Times. Journal of Italian Cinema and Media Studies, 3(1-2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1386/jicms.3.1-2.81_1
- Green, C.S., & Bavelier, D. (2003). Action Video Game Modifies Visual Selective Attention. Nature, 423, 534-537. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01647
- Harris, C.D., & Chasin, J. (2006). The Impact of Technological Innovation on Media Exposure Tracking: In Search of "The New Traditional". ARF Audience Measurements Symposium, 1-31. New York. (https://goo.gl/1z2gNT) (2016-10-20).
- Horvath, J., & Donoghue, G. (2016). A Bridge too far- Revisited: Reframing Bruer's Neuroeducation Argument for Modern Science of Learning Practitioners. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 377. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00377
- Hubert, M., & Kenning, P. (2008). A Current Overview of Consumer Neuroscience. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7(4-5), 272-292. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.251
- Immordino-Yang, M.H., & Damasio, A. (2007). We Feel, therefore We Learn: The Relevanve of Affective and Social Neuroscience to Education. Mind, Brain, and Education, 1(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00004.x
- Iosifidis, P. (2011). Growing Pains? The Transition to Digital Television in Europe. European Journal of Communication, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323110394562
- Jensen, K.B. (1993). El análisis de la recepción: la comunicación de masas como producción social de significado. In K.B. Jensen, & N.W. Jankowski (Eds.), Metodologías cualitativas de investigación en comunicación de masas (pp. 165-180). Barcelona: Bosch.
- Karppinen, K., & Moe, H. (2016). What we Talk about “Media Independence”. Javnost-The Public, 23(2), 105-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2016.1162986
- Kopton, I.M., & Kenning, P. (2014). Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a New Tool for Neuroeconomic Research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00549
- Kort, B., Reilly, R., & Picard, R.W. (2001). An Affective Model of Interplay between Emotions and Learning: Reengineering Educational Pedagogy-Building a Learning Companion. ICALT '01 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 43-46. Washington. (https://goo.gl/uaquHp) (2016-09-22).
- Lin, Y. (2015). Open Data and Co-production of Public Value of BBC Backstage. International Journal of Digital Television, 6(2), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.6.2.145_1
- Linebarger, D.L., & Walker, D. (2005). Infant's and Toddlers' Television Viewing and Language Outcomes. The American Behavioral Scientist, 48(5), 624-645. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204271505
- Manes, F., & Niro, M. (2015). Usar el cerebro: conocer nuestra mente para vivir mejor. Barcelona: Paidós.
- Market Research Society. (2015). Evidence Matters: MRS Awards 2015. (https://goo.gl/DuqTtB) (2016-07-09).
- Martín-Rodríguez, J.F., Cardoso-Pereira, N., Bonifácio, V., & Barroso-y-Martín, J.M. (2004). La década del cerebro (1990-2000): Algunas aportaciones. Revista Española de Neuropsicología, 6(3-4), 131-170. (https://goo.gl/xyvH3f) (2016-10-17).
- Mathiasen, H., & Schrum, L. (2010). New Technologies, Learning Systems, and Communication: Reducing Complexity in the Educational System. In M. SweKhine, & I.M. Saleh (Eds.), New Science of Learning. Cognition, Computers and Collaboration in Education (pp. 385-403). New York: Springer.
- McNett, G. (2016). Using Stories to Facilitate Learning. College Teaching, 64(4), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2016.1189389
- McQuail, D. (1997). Audience Analysis. London: Sage.
- Michalis, M., & Nieminen, H. (2016). Public Service Media in the Late 2010s: Values, Governance and Policy. International Journal of Digital Television, 7(3), 269-272. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.7.3.269_2
- Michalis, M. (2016). Radio Spectrum Battles: Television Broadcast vs. Wireless and the Future of PBS. International Journal of Digital Television, 7(3), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.7.3.347_1
- Moe, H. (2008). Public Service Media Online? Regulating Public Broadcasters Internet Services – A Comparative Analysis. Television & New Media, 9(3), 220-238. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476407307231
- Moore, M. (1995). Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. London: Harvard University Press.
- Mora, F. (2013). Neuroeducación. Madrid: Alianza.
- Moreira, M., & Rousiley, C. (2009). Media Visibility and the Scope of Accountability. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 26(4), 372-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295030903176666
- Napoli, P.M. (2011). Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Patriarche, G., Bilandzic, H., Linaa-Jensen, J., & Juriši?, J. (Eds.) (2014). Audience Research Methodologies between Innovation and Consolidation. New York: Routledge.
- Pérez-Tornero, J.M. (2008). La sociedad multipantallas: retos para la alfabetización mediática [Multi-Screen Society: A Challenge for Media Literacy]. Comunicar, 31, 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3916/c31-2008-01-002
- Perrinet, J. Paneda, X.G., Cabrero, S., Melendi, D., García, R., & García, V. (2011). Evaluation of Virtual Keyboards for Interactive Digital Televisions Applications. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 27(8), 703-728. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2011.555305
- Prado, E. (2012). La televisione che converge nella rete. Nuova Civiltà Delle Macchine, 30(1), 9-36. (https://goo.gl/HgWuMk) (2016-12-23).
- Probst, L., Frideres, L. Demetri, D. & Vomhof, B. (2014). Customer Experience. Neuromarketing Innovations. Luxemburgo: European Commission. (https://goo.gl/Ar3rZl) (2016-10-25).
- Puijk, R. (2015). Slow Television. A Successful Innovation in Public Service Broadcasting. Nordicom Review, 36(1), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1515/nor-2015-0008
- Quintas-Froufe, N., & González-Neira, A. (2016). Consumo televisivo y su medición en España: camino hacia las audiencias híbridas. El Profesional de la Información, 25(3), 376-383. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.may.07
- RTÉ, & TNS (2004). RTÉ Broadcast Sponsorship Research. (https://goo.gl/dExOt9) (2016-11-14).
- RTÉ Media Sales. (2014). Semiometrie. [Blog post] (https://goo.gl/CPUCpo) (2016-10-11).
- Serrano-Puche, J. (2015). Internet y emociones: nuevas tendencias en un campo de investigación emergente [Internet and Emotions: New Trends in an Emerging Field of Research]. Comunicar, 24(46), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.3916/C46-2016-02
- Sharples, J., & Kelley, P. (2015). Introduction to Learning, Media and Technology Neuroscience and Education Special Edition. Learning, Media and Techonology, 40(2), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2015.999339
- Small, G., & Vorgan, G. (2009). El cerebro digital. Cómo las nuevas tecnologías están cambiando nuestra mente. Barcelona: Ediciones Urano.
- Steele, A., Jacobs, D., Siefert, C., Rule, R., Levine, B., & Marci, C.D. (2013). Leveraging Synergy and Emotion In a Multi-Platform World. A Neuroscience-Informed Model of Engagement. Journal of Advertising Research, (December), 417-430. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-53-4-417-430
- Suárez, R. (2015). Foreword. Public Service Media Contribution to Society. Geneva: EBU. (https://goo.gl/M7ua57) (2016-11-11).
- Thomas, B. (2016). Public Service Media, Civil Society and Transparency. International Journal of Digital Television, 7(3), 297-313. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.7.3.297_1
- Timoteo-Álvarez, J. (2007). Neurocomunicación. Propuesta para una comunicación y sus aplicaciones industriales y sociales. Mediaciones Sociales, 1, 355-386. (https://goo.gl/QisWHB) (2016-07-03).
- Trappel, J. (2016). Taking the Public Service Remit forward across the Digital Boundary. International Journal of Digital Television, 7(3), 273-295. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.7.3.273_1
- Turner, S., & Lourenço, A. (2012). Competition and Public Service Broadcasting: Stimulating Creativity or Servicing Capital? Socio-Economic Review, 10(3), 497-523. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwr022
- Vecchiato, G., Astolfi, L., De-Vico Fallani, F., Toppi. J., Aloise, F., Bez, F.,… Babiloni, F. (2011). On the Use of EEG or MEG Brain Imaging Tools in Neuromarketing Research. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2011, 1-12. http://doi:10.1155/2011/643489
- Wellings, J., & Levine, M.H. (2009). The Digital Promise: Transforming Learning with Innovative Uses of Technology: A White Paper on Literacy and Learning in a New Media Age. New York: Apple Inc. (https://goo.gl/3RC8Nw) (2016-11-18).
- Wilson, Sh. (2016). In the Living Room: Second Screens and TV Audiences. Television & New Media, 17(2), 174-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476415593348