Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de la violencia contra la mujer en estudiantes universitarias españolas

  1. Vázquez González, Fernando Lino
  2. Torres Iglesias, Ángela
  3. Otero Otero, Patricia
  4. Blanco Seoane, Vanessa
  5. López, María
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Ano de publicación: 2010

Volume: 22

Número: 2

Páxinas: 196-201

Tipo: Artigo

Outras publicacións en: Psicothema

Resumo

Se determinó la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a la violencia contra la mujer en una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 1043 estudiantes universitarias españolas (media de edad de 22,2 años). A través de una entrevista realizada por psicólogas se recopiló información demográfica, académica y sobre violencia contra la mujer. La prevalencia de vida de la violencia fue del 15,2%; en el 41,5% de esos casos el maltratador ha sido la pareja, en el 50,9% algún otro hombre y en el 7,6% por ambas fuentes. La prevalencia en último año fue del 7,1%. Los factores de riesgo identificados fueron tener más de 19 años, ingresos familiares anuales superiores a 18.000 �, nivel cultural medio de la familia, residencia familiar urbana y presenciar malos tratos en la infancia o adolescencia. Se concluye que se deberían llevar a cabo campañas de sensibilización para prevenir la violencia contra mujer hacia las estudiantes universitarias y establecer servicios de orientación para aquellas que ya la hayan sufrido.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • American College Health Association (2007). American College Health Association National College Health Assessment Spring 2006 Reference Group data report (abridged). Journal of American College Health, 55, 195-206.
  • Aosved, A.C., y Long, P.J. (2005). College women's experiences of psychological maltreatment and sexual assault. Violence and Victims, 20, 577-587.
  • Arnold, D., Gelaye, B., Goshu, M., Berhane, Y., y Williams, M.A. (2008). Prevalence and risk factors of gender-based violence among female college students in Awassa, Ethiopia. Violence and Victims, 23, 787-800.
  • Browner, W.S., Newman, T.B., y Cummings, S.R. (1988). Designing a new study: III. Diagnostic tests. En S.B. Hulley y S.R. Cummings (Eds.): Designing clinical research (pp. 87-97). Baltimore, ND: Williams & Wilkins.
  • Campbell, J.C. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet, 359, 1331-1336.
  • Cercone, J.J., Beach, S., y Arias, I. (2005). Gender symmetry in dating intimate partner violence: Does similar behavior imply similar constructs? Violence and Victims, 20, 207-218.
  • Corral, S., y Calvete, E. (2006). Evaluación de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja mediante las escalas de tácticas para conflictos: estructura factorial y diferencias de género en jóvenes. Psicología Conductual, 14, 215-233.
  • Csoboth, C.T., Birkas, E., y Purebl, G. (2005). Living in fear of experiencing physical and sexual abuse is associated with severe depressive symptomatology among young people. Journal of Women's Health (Larchmt), 14, 441-448.
  • Echeburúa, E., y Corral, P. (1998). Manual de violencia familiar. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
  • Ellsberg, M., y Heise, L. (2005). Researching violence against women: A practical guide for researchers and activists. Washington, DC: World Health Organization, PATH.
  • Forke, C.M., Myers, R.K, Catallozzi, M., y Schwarz, D.F. (2008). Relationship violence among female and male college undergraduate students. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162, 634-641.
  • González, M.P., Muñoz, M., y Graña, J.L. (2003). Violencia en las relaciones de pareja en adolescentes y jóvenes: una revisión. Psicopatología Clínica Legal y Forense, 3, 23-39.
  • Gross, A.M., Winslett, A., Roberts, M., y Gohm, C.L. (2006). An examination of sexual violence against college women. Violence Against Women, 12, 288-300.
  • Halpern, C.T., Oslak, S.G., Young, M.L., Martin, S.L., y Kupper, L.L. (2001). Partner violence among adolescents in opposite-sex romantic relationships: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 1679-1685.
  • Instituto de la Mujer (2006). III Macroencuesta sobre la violencia contra las mujeres. Madrid. Recuperado el 2 marzo del 2009, de http://www.migualdad.es/mujer/mujeres/estud_inves/violencia%20final.pdf
  • Jackson, S.M., Cram, F., y Seymour, F.W. (2000). Violence and sexual coercion in high school students' dating relationships. Journal of Family Violence, 15, 23-36.
  • Kennedy, A.C., y Bennett, L. (2006). Urban adolescent mothers exposed to community, family, and partner violence: Is cumulative violence exposure a barrier to school performance and participation? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 750-773.
  • Kilpatrik, D.G., Acierno, R., Saunders, B.E., Resnick, H.S., y Best, C.L. (2000). Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence: Data from a national sample. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 19-30.
  • Lehrer, J.A., Lehrer, V.L., Lehrer, E.L., y Oyarzún, P.B. (2007). Prevalence of and risk factors for sexual victimization in college women in Chile. International Family Planning Perspectives, 33, 168-175.
  • Lewis, S.F., Travea, L., y Fremouw, W.J. (2002). Characteristics of female perpetrators and victims of dating violence. Violence and Victims, 17, 593-606.
  • Maldonado, G., y Greenland, S. (1993). Simulation study confounder-selection strategies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 138, 923-936.
  • Muñoz-Rivas, M., Andreu, J.M., Graña, J.L., O'Leary, D.K., y González, M.P. (2007). Validación de la versión modificada de la Conflicts Tactics Scale (M-CTS) en población juvenil española. Psicothema, 19, 693-698.
  • Muñoz-Rivas, M, Graña, J.L., O'Leary, K.D., y González, M.P. (2007). Aggression in adolescent dating relationships: Prevalence, justification, and health consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 298-304.
  • Murphy, C.M., y O'Leary, K.D. (1989). Psychological aggression predicts physical aggression in early marriage. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 579-582.
  • Orcutt, H.K., Garcia, M., y Pickett, S. (2005). Female-perpetrated intimate partner violence and romantic attachment style in a college student sample. Violence and Victims, 20, 287-302.
  • Sears, H.A., Byers, E.S., y Price, E.L. (2007). The co-ocurrence of adolescent boys' and girls' use of psychologically, physically, and sexually abusive behaviours in their dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 487-504.
  • Smith, P.H., White, J.W., y Holland, L.J. (2003). A longitudinal perspective on dating violence among adolescent and college-age women. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1104-1109.
  • Thompson, R.S., Bonomi, A.E, Anderson, M., Reid, R.J., Dimer, J.A., Carrell, D., et al. (2006). Intimate partner violence: Prevalence, types, and chronicity in adult women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30, 447-457.
  • Ullman, S.E., y Brecklin, L.R. (2002). Sexual assault history and suicidal behaviour in a national sample of women. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 117-130.
  • United Nations, Division for the Advancement of Women, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2006). WHO Multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence against women. Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses. United Nations General Assembly, 61st Session: Advancement of Women, 2006. Recuperado el 26 de febrero de 2009, de http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/en/
  • Whitaker, D.J., Haileyesus, T., Swahn, M., y Saltzman, L.S. (2007). Differences in frequency of violence and reported injury between relationships with reciprocal and nonreciprocal intimate partner violence. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 941-947.
  • White, J.W., Merrill, L.L., y Koss, M.P. (2001). Predictors of premilitary courtship violence in a Navy recruitment sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, 910-927.
  • Wilt, S., y Olson, S. (1996). Prevalence of domestic violence in United States. Journal of the American Medical Women's Association, 51, 77-82.